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Introduction to Workplace LawsEffective resume making, job hunting, campus recruitment training & others
If you think that situation cannot be self-handled and requires a more urgent step, then to file a case against the employer, you should be doing the following things:
Figuring out the caseApart from this, you should also have a thorough look at your contract to know what promises the company owes to you, whether monetary or individual. Violating any of these promises can let you drag them to court. For example, if your employer performs a wrongful termination of your job without prior notice, violating his contract, you can drag them to court.
Ways you can proceed throughYou can file a case in a civil court if there is any violation of your contract. One can file cases pertaining to mental harassment in civil and criminal court. Another way to sort it out is by consulting a lawyer to know if your case can get settled through arbitration or by a labor tribunal. This will save your time as well as your cost.
If your case isn’t settled in any of the ways mentioned above, then you can proceed with the matter to court, but make sure that you maintain a record of all the activities and incidents that you think violated your rights. Note down the date and time as well. This information will help your lawyer to display his case in a more efficient way.
Points to ponderWhile filing a case against the employer, note that you’ll face many risks. You’ll expose yourself to in-depth scrutiny. Your daily schedule work, interaction with the workers, etc., will be examined by the company. They can use your minor mistakes against you. They may also browse your previous employment records to grab any issues you had with your previous employers. Even your personal life may attract notice in some cases.
10 Workplace Laws Your Employer Might Be ViolatingFollowing are the workplace laws that the employer might be violating commonly at the workplace-
DiscriminationEven after the full-fledged laws designed against discrimination in the workplace, employers continue discriminating against their employees on the basis of their race, religion, gender, age, nationality, disability, etc. Not only at the workplace, but discrimination is also commonly prevalent in hiring, promotion, discipline, and termination. Some of the commonly practiced ways of discrimination are –
Spreading nasty and untrue rumors at the workplace.
Isolating an individual socially and professionally in the office due to his/her appearance, origin, and gender.
Threatening or dominating an employee.
Deliberately discouraging or hindering an employee in his/her job.
Physical abuse or using abusive language against them.
Dismissing one from his roles and responsibilities without any valid reason.
Imposing unrealistic deadlines intentionally makes an individual employee fail.
Holding back important information or providing wrong information tenaciously.
Cracking offensive jokes (verbally or in writing), especially in front of or about female co-workers
Causing unnecessary pressure on a particular person by assigning a heavy workload to them even when other workers are free.
Making an employee sit idle without any work becomes a reason for mental pressure and tension on a worker. Companies often employed this method to make their employees surrender to voluntary retirement schemes.
Intentionally and unreasonably criticizing an individual regularly.
Ridiculing one’s opinions and ideas.
Holding back deserved leaves, promotions, and training. blocking applications for training, leave, or promotion.
“Article 14 states everyone should be equal before the law. Article 15 specifically says the state should not discriminate against citizens, and article 16 extends a right of “equality of opportunity” for employment or appointment under the state.” (Source: Wikipedia, Indian Labor laws). Thus if you are facing discrimination at the workplace then you may file a case against the company for violating the fundamental right to equality.
No Proper PayNo matter how hard you work, some employers openly fail to pay employees for the time they worked. This has become a huge problem for the employees as even after working from home at night, and nonstop on weekends, responding to a huge stack of emails, they don’t get what they deserve.
“The Payment of Wages Act 1936 mentions that employees should receive wages, on time, and without any unauthorized deductions. Section 6 requires that employees receive payment in money rather than in some other kind.” (Source: Wikipedia, Indian Labor Laws)
Thus your employer cannot force you to work off the clock or overtime, without any additional pay for the efforts you apply.
Deprivation of Insurance of Health and Social SecurityAfter getting employed at a workplace, you may get deprived of the insurance of health and social security, etc.
“Employees’ State Insurance is a self-financing social security and health insurance scheme for Indian workers. For all employees earning 15000 (US$220) or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 4.75 percent and employee contributes 1.75 percent, total share 6.5 percent.” (Source: Wikipedia, Indian Labor Laws)
This scheme provides the employee as well as their families with many benefits such as medical benefits and cash benefits. This scheme is also useful for the medical treatment of the employee as well as dependents.
Sexual Harassment of Women“Under this law, all women, irrespective of her age or employment status, whether in the organized or unorganized sectors, public or private and covers clients, customers, and domestic workers as well, will be protected against sexual harassment. Non-compliance with the provisions of the Act shall be punishable with a fine of up to 50,000.” (Source: Wikipedia, sexual harassment of women at a workplace)
Women are more vulnerable to lower pay as compared to men, and employers doubt their working ability as compared to men. Hence, it is important for women to protect their rights and ensure that their employer does not violate their rights or harass them.
Dismissal Laws in WorkplaceSometimes the employer may dismiss you intentionally and without any valid reason.
If you think you have been dismissed without any notice then you may file a complaint under the Industrial Disputes Act 1947. This law states that a workman who has been employed for over a year can only be dismissed after taking permission from the appropriate government office. In addition, the law states that proper and valid reasons are necessary before dismissal. When taking permission from the government, the firm should wait for the dismissal. Redundancy pay should be given, set at 15 days (average pay for each complete year of continuous service).
A company can terminate the job contract of a permanent worker only for proven misconduct or for habitual absence. Indian workplace laws require a company to get permission to dismiss workers with a plant closing, even if it is necessary for economic reasons. The government may grant or deny permission for closing, even if the company is losing money on the operation.
Deprivation of Maternal LeaveMany times it may be the case that an expected mother may be deprived of maternity leave just because the company calls it against the company’s workplace laws.
“The Maternity Benefit Act 1961, creates rights to payments of maternity benefits for any woman employee who worked in any establishment for a period of at least 80 days during the 12 months immediately preceding the date of her expected delivery.” (Source: Wikipedia, Indian Labor laws)
Deprivation of BonusYou may not know that your employer is depriving of the bonus which you should get if you work in an establishment with 20 or more employees.
Payment of GratuityGratuity, in simple words, is a part of the salary that the employee receives from his/her employer in gratitude for service rendered by the employee to the organization/company. Gratuity is paid when an employee working in an organization completes 5 or more years of full-time service.
“The Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 applies to establishments with 10 or more workers. Gratuity is payable to the employee if he or she resigns or retires. The Indian government mandates that this payment be at the rate of 15 days salary of the employee for each complete year of service subject to a maximum of 1000000.” (Source: Wikipedia, Indian Labor laws)
Payment of CompensationSometimes organizations engaged in hazardous work may not be willing to provide employees with compensation if they meet with an accident at the workplace. They may tell you that it happened because of your own negligence.
The Workmen’s Compensation Act aims to provide workmen and/or their dependents some relief in case of accidents arising out of and in the course of employment and causing either death or disablement of workmen. It provides for payment by certain classes of employers to their workmen compensation for injury by accident.
Depriving employees of Provident Funds“Employee’s Provident Fund (EPF) is a retirement benefits scheme that’s available to all salaried employees. This fund is maintained and overseen by the Employees Provident Fund Organisation of India (EPFO), and any company with over 20 employees must register with the EPFO.
It’s a savings platform that helps employees save a fraction of their monthly salary, which can be used if you are unable to work or upon retirement.” (Source: Employer Provident Fund organization website)
Sometimes there may be cases in which we become short of money and lack funds. In this case, the provident funds earned through working in a company will help you a lot. If you are working in a company that does not provide the benefit of provident funds, you may not have savings left for the future.
Your workplace is your second home; you’ll spend much of your time there. Thus, if your workplace is uncomfortable, it poses serious issues to your physical and mental well-being and the quality of your work.
Every worker faces one problem or the other at the workplace. While sometimes these problems get sorted out of one-to-one contact, others are not easy to sort up and are of a chronic type, especially when your own employer is negligent towards it.
In order to fight for your own rights, you must be aware of all the labor and employment rights that Indian Government provides, your fundamental rights, and the rights described in your work contract. Proper knowledge of all these rights will protect you from any harassment and violation of rights at your workplace, and you’ll be able to work comfortably.
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How Tabbed Content Might Be Hurting Your Search Rankings
But is tabbed content a good thing for your search engine optimization efforts?
Recently Gary Illyes of Google confirmed that they are OK with tabbed content.
So the question isn’t whether tabbed content is SEO-friendly or not but how to implement it right.
How Badly Implemented Tabbed Content Can Hurt Your RankingsAs you know, search engine crawlers have had a hard time reading JavaScript over the years.
Since 2014, Google has been working to understand how JavaScript has become essential in modern day website design. However, it is still far from perfect as JavaScript is a complicated yet beautiful thing.
We don’t know exactly what Google can and can’t read with JavaScript, so the best thing you can do at this point is to make sure that your JS files are readable and not disallowed in your robots.txt.
A good way to see if your content is being read is to use the Fetch as Google function within Google Search Console, which displays both a rendered version for Googlebot and how a visitor will see the page.
Tabbed content created merely by using JavaScript will not be visible to search engines as they don’t crawl for ranking JavaScript code and therefore text inside the code is considered as part of the code and will be ignored.
Here’s an example is a standard piece of tabbed content – notice how it doesn’t contain a standard hyperlink:
theDiv.appendChild(content);
This is bad news for your webpage because this will significantly lower your content quality, not to mention missing out on those keyword-rich and relevant pieces of content.
What You Can Do to Fix This IssueHere is a real-life example of such implementation.
Are you wondering if hidden text might not work with Google? Here is John Mueller’s confirmation that they are okay with content not being visible by default, especially in a mobile-first index era.
So you need to choose a well-structured and designed page that enables Googlebot to effectively crawl your website, indexing every single piece of content you have got to offer.
We ran tests over many months to prove how JavaScript based implemented tabbed content affects ranking. All pages in this example were optimized with keyword-rich content but have not received any external links during the course of the test. We simply created the pages, noticed which pages were not ranking well, and made one simple page edit – the removal of badly implemented tabbed content.
From the table above, you can quite clearly see the effect that tabbed content removal has had on the search engine rankings. Pages that previously struggled to get onto page 1 are now (and have remained) on page 1 for its target keyword. Target keywords that were already on Page 1, have gained position, pushing for that top slot.
Keyword 8, for example, wasn’t gaining any positioning. Once the tabbed content was removed, the page dropped slightly. However, over time, the page went from Page 3 to Page 1 within a matter of months.
Keyword 2 gradually started to pick up positioning but instantly jumped to Page 1, which indicates that the page was most likely crawled naturally at that point. Once the GoogleBot noticed the rich content that was not being hidden anymore, it decided that the page was worthy of page 1 status.
Arguments Against This IdeologyWhen creating an SEO rule such as this, considering other factors is also essential. Are there any other reasons why these pages have grown?
Below is a short list of other possible factors that may have affected these search engine results:
Page age: As webpages get older, trust grows and will affect the position. The pages showcased in this research didn’t contain any information indicating the date that the page was created.
Natural organic external links: No external links were built to these pages in the time we were monitoring the research.
Algorithm changes: The only algorithm change that would have helped this would have been the ongoing content quality updates. This means that ongoing algorithm changes would benefit pages that showcase more (and relevant) content.
Page creation: Pages weren’t gaining any position 3 months prior to the page being created.
Existing on-page optimization: When the pages were created, standard SEO was applied, including meta optimization, content creation, header optimization and image optimization.
Will Google Ever Be Able To Read Tabbed Content?We don’t know if JavaScript-based code will ever be able to be read by search engine bots. So any kind of future proofing this kind of web development is purely speculative.
For now, the research shows us that typically, standard JavaScript isn’t read and therefore SEO professionals should keep a keen eye out for any JavaScript that may be harming a websites ability to rank.
Air Pollution Might Be The New Lead
Sometimes air pollution is easy to see. It billows off the top of smoke stacks, and out the tailpipes of cars zooming down the highway. Misty smog hangs in the air in cities like Delhi, Beijing, and Los Angeles, fracturing sunlight into a muted haze.
But it’s increasingly clear that the effects of air pollution aren’t constrained to body parts below the shoulders—they can hurt the brain in a whole host of ways, many of which researchers are still trying to understand. One major area of interest? The way exposure to polluted air can affect the cognitive development of babies and children. Researchers aren’t shocked to find that an environmental toxin could harm young brains, because they’ve seen it happen before.
“To me, air pollution is kind of the next lead, in a way,” says Deborah Cory-Slechta, a professor of environmental medicine at the University of Rochester.
Lead was everywhere throughout the start of the 20th century, readily used to make vacuums and paint and included as an ingredient in gasoline. It was known to be toxic, and concern over its health effects spurred fights for regulation, but it wasn’t until the 1980s that researchers linked even low levels of lead exposure to an increased risk for cognitive and behavioral problems in children—just as scientists are starting to do for air pollution now.
The parallel isn’t exact, but like lead, air pollution also disproportionately affects low income and minority communities. Like lead, air pollution is easy to put into the environment, and much harder to take out. “The more I do in this area, the bigger the problem seems to me,” Cory-Slechta says.
Pollution on the brainCory-Slechta actually started out studying the effects of lead exposure, and she was skeptical when she first heard air pollution might pose similar dangers. But when a research group at her university, which was studying air pollution and lung development, asked if she was interested in taking a look at the brains of the mice used in their studies, she figured she might as well take a look.
She was shocked to find evidence of inflammation and damage in pretty much every area of the mouse brains. “And this was a full two months after the exposure to air pollution had ended,” Cory-Slechta says.
Living in areas with high air pollution has been linked to poorer memory, attention and vocabulary; to below-average performance on intelligence tests; and to delinquent behavior. Air pollution has also been implicated in developmental disorders ranging from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to autism spectrum disorders.
Animal studies, where researchers can more strictly control the pollution exposure, back up the results from those human reports. They show that air pollution causes changes in behavior in rodents, and changes in their brains, like imbalances in the levels of certain molecules, hyperactivity in brain regions, and damage to neurons—many of which correspond to the way neurodevelopmental diseases look in these animals. The widespread inflammation seen in mouse brains after air pollution exposure, like Cory-Slechta observed in her initial studies, can damage neurons, and, during development, prevent the brain from organizing itself properly.
Although the research isn’t far enough along to draw an explicit, causative link between air pollution and developmental changes in humans, there’s a strong association between the two, strengthened by the accompanying research on animals. “We have a pretty good correspondence between the epidemiology studies in humans and the animal studies,” Cory-Slechta says.
The particles in the air get into the body and into the brain through a few different pathways: they can pass through the lungs and into the bloodstream, where they can travel up to the brain directly, or cause changes in the body’s immune response that trigger damaging inflammation. There’s also only a thin barrier between the nasal cavity and the brain, and tiny particles of air pollution can pass directly through.
Still, there’s a lot we don’t know about the mechanisms behind the effects of air pollution. It’s a slurry of different types of particles, of different sizes and from different sources. Some of the largest are about a tenth of the width of a human hair—big, on a microscopic scale, but still small enough to travel into the lungs. Others, known as ultrafine particles, are on the nanoscale. Pollution is made of nitrogen dioxide and ozone, and it might also have microscopic pieces of metals like zinc, tin, or even lead. The composition can change neighborhood to neighborhood, block to block, and hour to hour.
“The toxicity is different depending on the particular soup that you’re in,” says Rosalind Wright, who studies environmental medicine and public health at Mount Sinai.
One of the main challenges faced by air pollution researchers, then, is untangling the types of particles that could be the most dangerous from those that might be more benign. “Any step in that direction, looking at some components versus others, is going to be valuable,” Wright says.
We also don’t know much about the windows during development when the effects of air pollution might have the greatest impact. Maternal exposure to air pollution can affect fetal development, for example, and exposure during infancy and the first few years of life can harm children as well. But it’s not clear when the most damage actually occurs. Then there’s the question of dosage. Air pollution shifts around, and exposure can spike when people enter different environments—like driving through a tunnel on the highway. The difference between that type of extreme, temporary exposure, and long term, ambient exposure, are still muddled, as well.
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program, run through the National Institutes of Health, will hopefully produce new, robust data to help answer those questions, Wright says. The program aims to enroll 50,000 children and track, among other things, neurodevelopment and environmental exposures. “That initiative will take a big step forward in this area,” she says. “Hopefully, it will drive policy in the long run.”
Preventing damageOne thing we do know about air pollution is that there’s more of it in low income communities and in communities of color. Racial and ethnic minority children in the United States are more likely to attend schools in highly polluted areas, and across the world, low income areas have higher concentrations of air pollutants.
Racial and ethnic minority children, and children in low-income areas, may also be more strongly affected by the air pollution that they’re exposed to. That’s because dealing with social stressors, like food insecurity or institutionalized racism, might compound the effects of environmental stressors like air pollution on their neurological and cognitive development.
“Studies show that if you don’t have stress concurrently with air pollution, you won’t necessarily see strong effects,” Wright says. That means, she says, that tackling some of those social problems might be one way to mitigate the harmful effects of toxic air. “It’d be interventions short of saying, change the air.”
The same patterns hold true for lead exposure—which disproportionately affects minority and low income communities, and is exacerbated by stress. Similarly, an enriched, non-stressful environment, can protect against lead-driven damage.
Unlike lead, though, knocking out the root of the problem isn’t as simple as removing one ingredient from paint and gasoline (which is complicated enough, and the United States is still struggling to keep up).
The problem with air pollution, Wright says, is that it’s so ubiquitous. Air quality is improving across the United States, even while in poor cities around the world, pollution levels are going up. But we still don’t know how low pollution actually needs to be to stave off developmental effects, Wright says. “Even at the cutoff levels where we have regulations on the quality of air, it can still be toxic.”
The United States, under the Clean Air Act, also only measures certain types of particles found in air pollution—the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, does not have standards for the levels of ultrafine particles, which may have their own unique host of health effects. Improvement on only the measures that we can see, Cory-Slechta says, doesn’t necessarily mean we’re making progress on all types of air pollution.
What’s more, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt has taken steps to weaken or remove existing regulations around air pollution over the past year. Pruitt is also restructuring the way that the EPA uses scientific evidence to form policy—the agency will no longer consider research that was done with confidential data. A significant body of air pollution research uses medical records (which remain confidential under ethical guidelines) including studies on childhood development. That decision would help justify any EPA decisions to ease regulations on emissions from chemical plants or factories, and they would be able to disregard evidence showing that it harms kids.
Lead research bumped up against similar challenges from various industries that used the metal in their products, who fought against regulations and attempted to cast doubt on the scientific research.
Despite the challenges, the path forward in the fight against air pollution is made easier by the precedent set by lead.
“The struggle over lead was the poster child for these issues, and it broke down some barrier,” Cory-Slechta says. “At that point in time, early on, there was study after study just to try and get people to believe that lead exposure was associated with changes in IQ.” It’s common knowledge today, but when the research was ratcheting up in the 1990s, people were reluctant to acknowledge that it was a neurotoxin, she says.
“A lot of those fights got fought over lead,” Cory-Slechta says. “Now, when you say that there are behavioral effects of air pollution, no one questions it. So we’re able to move faster, and we’re a lot further along.”
Grandma’s Insomnia Might Be A Product Of Evolution
If your sleep is getting worse with age, evolution might be to blame.
A study recently published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that humans’ age-specific sleep patterns may have evolved to protect mixed-age groups from potential danger in the night. And in this scenario, the elderly members of these groups may have drawn the short straw—their restless sleep made them perfect for the night watch.
“Looking at sleep patterns is really relevant not only to basic science, but also to increasing our understanding of cross-cultural sleep,” says Alyssa Crittenden, a study co-author and assistant professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. “It provides crucial clues of how species evolved.”
“Most human sleep research has been in sleep labs in Western societies,” says first author David Samson, who was a postdoctoral fellow at Duke University at the time of the study and is currently an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, Mississauga. “It’s not a great model, they go from one temperature- and light-controlled room to another.”
The researchers studied Hadza adults ranging from those in their late teens to the elderly. While the subjects slept, they each wore an actigraph, which Samson describes as a “super Fitbit.” Much like its commercial analog, the device is worn on the subject’s wrist and can tell if they are asleep or awake based on activity. But the actigraph also has extra capabilities, like measuring the amount of light in the environment, and it can withstand much harsher conditions.
From the actigraph data, the researchers characterized each subject’s sleep pattern: when they were sleeping or awake, and how long each period lasted. Some people were lighter sleepers who regularly woke up throughout the night, others slept undisturbed all night; there were subjects that went to bed early and woke up early, while other subjects tended to sleep later in the night and into the morning.
The biological roots of these patterns lie in circadian rhythms, the internal clock that dictates our behavior at any given time of day. Are you an early bird? A night owl? Well, those are actual biological characteristics, known as chronotypes (scientists actually use “lark” and “owl” to describe the two extremes). They can even be inherited. Chronotypes encapsulate the unique ways that each of our individual circadian rhythms drive our sleep behavior.
People have thought about the evolutionary role of elders in human society before, in what is known as the “grandmother hypothesis.” It suggests that women live beyond their reproductive years—a trait unique to humans, killer whales, and pilot whales—because they play an important role in their familial group’s survival. They can help care for grandchildren and teach them how to survive, allowing younger females to focus on reproducing. The researchers expanded that idea to coin the “poorly sleeping grandparent hypothesis:” In mixed-age groups, grandmothers—or grandparents in general—may sleep discontinuously so that they can remain alert to potential dangers while their offspring rest.
According to Samson, this finding could provide an important new perspective on how people think about and stigmatize insomnia, a condition that is very common among older people—almost half of adults over the age of 60 report having trouble sleeping.
“It may normalize things we consider to be disorders,” Samson says. “We tend to label things as a disorder if they don’t match up with normal parameters. But insomnia may be an evolutionary mismatch with the modern context.”
It could also impact how insomnia is treated in the elderly. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective in treating insomnia: By identifying the cause of the insomnia, people are able to effectively manage it. Explaining the evolutionary origins of insomnia could play a similar role in treatment.
This was the first study of the sentinel hypothesis in humans, but it won’t be the last. Samson and Crittenden hope to study sleep in populations around the world, ranging from rainforests to the Arctic, and compile the results into a global sleep database. If the patterns hold, then they might actually be able to show that the sentinel hypothesis is at play among humans, Crittenden says.
“It could help us ask and answer questions about how humans adapted to different ecological niches around the world,” Samson says.
So, kids, the next time your parents wonder why you don’t wake up earlier, just remind them that you evolved to be this way—getting up early is grandma’s job.
That Melatonin Gummy Might Be Stronger Than You Need
Roughly 55,000 adult consumers in the United States take popular chewy melatonin gummies to promote better sleep. But they may be getting a little more of the hormone than the label indicates. A study published April 25 as a letter in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that 88 percent of tested supplements were mislabeled.
The study follows a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report from last year about an alarming surge of excessive pediatric infestations of melatonin over the past 10 years.
[Related: Yes, you can overdose on melatonin. Here’s how to use the sleep supplements safely.]
Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced deep within the brain in the pineal gland. It is released into the bloodstream to regulate the body’s natural sleep cycles. Melatonin is considered a drug in some countries in the European Union, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom, making it only available through a prescription. The US Food and Drug Administration considers melatonin a dietary supplement, but manufacturers are not required to receive FDA approval or provide safety data on melatonin products.
For this study, a team of researchers from Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts and the University of Mississippi tested 25 different supplements. According to the authors, the team selected the first 25 gummy melatonin products that displayed on the National Institutes of Health database for this study. The team dissolved the gummies and then measured the quantity of melatonin, cannabidiol (CBD), and other components in the supplements.
Most of the products tested had 20, 30, or 50 percent more melatonin than the quantity listed on the label. Four has less amounts of the hormone than promised, including one without any detectable levels of melatonin.
Twenty-two were “inaccurately labeled,” meaning they contained 10 percent more or less than the amount of melatonin on the label.
Five products listed CBD as an ingredient, but they all had slightly higher levels of CBD than indicated on the label. According to the FDA, “it is currently illegal to market CBD by adding it to a food or labeling it as a dietary supplement.”
[Related: The science behind our circadian rhythms, and why time changes mess them up.]
“One product contained 347 percent more melatonin than what was actually listed on the label of the gummies,” study co-author and professor of medicine at the Cambridge Health Alliance Pieter Cohen told CNN.
In response to the JAMA letter, Steve Mister, the president and chief executive of the Council for Responsible Nutrition, told The Washington Post that supplement companies are required to have “at least 100 percent of labeled dosage” in their products. “It’s not uncommon for companies to put in a little extra,” he added. “So, for instance, a melatonin product that’s labeled as 3 milligrams might put in 4 milligrams.”
Melatonin was the most cited substance in calls about children to US poison control centers in 2023. Drowsiness, headaches, agitation, and increased bed-wetting or urination in the evening hours are all potential side effects of melatonin use in children.
“It’s important, especially in kids, not to use melatonin until you’ve spoken with your pediatrician or your sleep doctor,” M. Adeel Rishi, a pulmonology, sleep medicine, and critical care specialist in Indiana and vice chair of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Public Safety Committee, told PopSci last July. “The dose recommended in children is significantly lower than what is recommended in adults, and if you take too much of anything you have an overdose. Although it’s come to attention really in the last couple of years, we know that cases of melatonin among children have been on an upswing even before the pandemic.”
Other pediatric sleep experts stress the importance of good sleep hygiene and habits before starting melatonin. The new study’s letter also included a warning to parents that giving the gummies to children could result “in ingestion of unpredictable quantities” of melatonin.
After Twitter, Elon Musk’s Goal Might Be To Takeover Long
After the Twitter buyout, Elon Musk is after the dead Vine, the video app that was shut down in 2012
According to a story from Axios, Elon Musk, the billionaire who recently paid $44 billion for the Twitter buyout, has instructed engineers at the social media giant to consider reviving Vine, the video app that Twitter bought in 2012 and shut down barely four years later after it had launched.
It’s an unexpected turn of events for a failing Twitter product. Twitter paid $30 million for Vine in 2012 but later discontinued it in 2023 to the dismay of the app’s creators and users. In contrast, Instagram was gaining popularity and adding new features at a rate that Vine simply could not compete with, according to the Verge. Vine simply could not make enough money to survive. The app was entertaining, but eventually, it wasn’t successful.
However, Musk has never let the truth stop him from trying something new. Now that Musk is in charge Twitter programmers are looking into Vine’s outdated code, which hasn’t been updated in more than a decade. Sara Beykpour, who is listed as a senior director of product management at Twitter on LinkedIn, said in a tweet that she worked at Vine and oversaw the closure of the service.
TechCrunch estimates that at its peak, 100 million individuals were using Vine per month. Compare that to Instagram, which will top 2 billion monthly users in 2023, or TikTok, which has a billion users per month. Before Vine was officially discontinued, the majority of its most famous Vine clips were uploaded to YouTube, and its most popular users switched to Instagram or YouTube.
Musk should stay away from other social media platforms as well, if his work at Twitter is any indicator of his abilities to lead a social media company. Not just because he has more money than any human being ought to have, but also because he frequently seems to be in error.
Musk has essentially done nothing to inspire Twitter users with confidence in his capacity to manage even a single social media platform, much less bring one back. Vine cannot be positively revived by Musk, and it remains a challenge to recapture the enchantment that was Vine. No matter who recreates the program, it cannot exist in the same form as it did before.
Vine had a terrific organic system that allowed users to follow friends, relatives, and influencers whose material you were interested in seeing to fill your feed. The community would need to return to Vine for it to resemble the app they previously adored if Vine is to be successful in 2023 and beyond. However, Vine was active during a different internet period. It was there before Donald Trump, COVID-19, and the defamation scandals that have made social media platforms bear the brunt of harsh consequences. Our minds have also evolved to be responsive to algorithmic recommendations on apps like Instagram and TikTok in the six years since Vine’s demise.
All the celebrities who helped make Vine what it had either switched to other apps or have given up on the internet. Lele Pons appears in a YouTube Original docuseries about her life and hosts her podcast on Spotify. Rudy Mancuso has a flourishing career on YouTube. The list goes on. King Bach migrated to TikTok and YouTube and began performing on the big screen. Since society has continued to develop in the absence of the past, there is no way to bring it back. The way we consume media has just changed. Additionally, a newly reborn Vine wouldn’t constitute a media gap. We already have YouTube for releasing compilations of short-form popular films, and Instagram reels for reposting your TikTok videos.
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