Trending December 2023 # 5 Linux Books For The Enthusiast # Suggested January 2024 # Top 20 Popular

You are reading the article 5 Linux Books For The Enthusiast updated in December 2023 on the website Hatcungthantuong.com. We hope that the information we have shared is helpful to you. If you find the content interesting and meaningful, please share it with your friends and continue to follow and support us for the latest updates. Suggested January 2024 5 Linux Books For The Enthusiast

1. The C Programming Language

This classic guide, known as “K&R” among programmers, is a compact guide to the C language, much as the title suggests. Unlike the thousand-page tomes out there, this book, written by C’s creators, the late Dennis Ritchie (also one of the creators of Unix) and Brian Kernighan, the second edition weighs in at a comparatively slim 272 pages, including the appendices. Anyone familiar with the terse style of the manpages should know what to expect from this book. It’s for people who are comfortable programming and doesn’t waste ink explaining basic concepts.

“C is not a big language, and it is not well-served by a big book,” the authors explain in the preface.

The reason serious Linux users (who seem to turn into programmers anyway) should read this book, even if they don’t use C very much and aren’t experienced programmers, is that much of Linux is written in C.

2.Unix Power Tools

Unlike K&R, this is a hefty book by O’Reilly, one of the major technical book publishers. You don’t have to slog through the book page by page as the authors have designed the book as a series of short chapters written in a breezy style. It’s great for Unix and Linux users of every skill level to learn something new, from setting up the terminal to Perl programming.

Since the short pieces are extensively cross-referenced, you’ll find yourself bouncing around the book, almost like a paper edition of TV Tropes. It’s a fun book that you’ll learn a lot from. I’ve used the style as a model for my posts here at Make Tech Easier.

3. Essential System Administration

Aeleen Frisch’s guide is another hefty tome, thought this one deals with, you guessed it, system administration. This book deals with various Unix flavors, including Red Hat and SUSE Linux. You can usually apply the information to nearly any Linux flavor out there. Frisch doesn’t skimp on information.

Even if you’re only managing a personal computer instead of racks and racks of servers, you’re still a system administrator. This is a great book for learning how to take care of your system effectively. A lot of other people swear by UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook Edition; however, though I haven’t read it.

4. Linux and the Unix Philosophy

Mike Gancarz’s update of his classic “The Unix Philosophy” for the Linux era is a manifesto of the Unix philosophy of building small tools designed for the command line, where they can be easily scripted for efficiency. In an age of increasing software bloat, it’s nice to know that there are still people who believe in “keep it simple, stupid!”

5. The Cathedral and the Bazaar

Eric S. Raymond’s classic essay shows how the Linux economy works, even if it should have failed long ago. Raymond shows how Linux is a “bazaar” where lots of people all over the world submit code as opposed to the “cathedral” where only a select few are in charge of a software project at places like Microsoft. True to the open source spirit, it’s available for free online.

Of course, there are plenty of good books on Unix and Linux, much more than can be covered in a single post. Other than the obvious choices of looking on the Internet and in libraries, another good source for Unix and Linux books is universities with good computer science departments.

Image credit: opened book, lying on the bookshelf with a glasses by BigStockPhoto

David Delony

David Delony is a writer for Make Tech Easier

Subscribe to our newsletter!

Our latest tutorials delivered straight to your inbox

By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy and European users agree to the data transfer policy. We will not share your data and you can unsubscribe at any time.

You're reading 5 Linux Books For The Enthusiast

5 Best Linux Package Managers For Linux Newbies

Linux is a popular open-source operating system that has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. It is known for its flexibility and security, making it a preferred choice for developers and enthusiasts alike. One of essential features of Linux is its package manager, which is a tool that helps users manage software installation, removal, and updates. In this article, we will discuss 5 best Linux package managers for Linux newbies.

What is a Linux Package Manager?

Before we dive into list of package managers, let’s understand what a package manager is. In simple terms, a package manager is a tool that helps users install, remove and manage software packages on a Linux system. These packages are pre-compiled software bundles that contain all necessary files and dependencies required to run software.

apt-get

The apt-get package manager is most commonly used package manager on Debian-based Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint. It is a command-line tool that uses Advanced Package Tool (APT) to manage software packages.

Pacman

Pacman is a package manager used on Arch Linux and its derivatives. It is a command-line tool that is simple and easy to use. Pacman uses Arch User Repository (AUR) to manage software packages, which is a community-driven repository that allows users to create and maintain packages.

Yum

Yum is a package manager used on Red Hat-based Linux distributions, such as CentOS and Fedora. It is a command-line tool that uses Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) to manage software packages.

Zypper

Zypper is a package manager used on openSUSE Linux and its derivatives. It is a command-line tool that uses ZYpp package management library to manage software packages.

Dnf

DNF is a package manager used on Fedora and its derivatives. It is a command-line tool that uses DNF package management library to manage software packages.

Graphical Package Managers

In addition to command-line package managers, Linux also has a variety of graphical package managers that provide a more user-friendly interface for managing software packages. These graphical package managers can be helpful for Linux newbies who are not yet comfortable with command line.

Here are some examples of popular graphical package managers −

Ubuntu Software Center

The Ubuntu Software Center is a graphical package manager that is included with Ubuntu and other Debian-based Linux distributions. It provides users with an easy-to-use interface for searching, installing, and managing software packages.

The Ubuntu Software Center also includes user reviews and ratings for software packages, which can be helpful in deciding which packages to install.

GNOME Software

GNOME Software is a graphical package manager that is included with many Linux distributions that use GNOME desktop environment. It provides users with a simple interface for browsing, searching, and installing software packages.

GNOME Software also includes user reviews and ratings for software packages, as well as a feature that recommends packages based on user’s previous software installations.

Discover

Discover is a graphical package manager that is included with many Linux distributions that use KDE desktop environment. It provides users with a simple interface for browsing, searching, and installing software packages.

Discover also includes user reviews and ratings for software packages, as well as a feature that recommends packages based on user’s previous software installations.

Package Manager Features

When choosing a package manager, there are a few key features to consider. Here are some features to look for −

Dependency Resolution

A good package manager should be able to automatically resolve dependencies when installing or updating software packages. This can save users a lot of time and hassle.

Package Signing

Package signing is a security feature that ensures that packages are not tampered with or altered during installation process. A good package manager should be able to verify package signatures to ensure that software packages are authentic.

User-friendly Interface

A package manager should have a user-friendly interface that makes it easy for Linux newbies to install, remove, and manage software packages. interface should be intuitive and easy to navigate.

Speed

A good package manager should be fast and efficient. Users don’t want to spend a lot of time waiting for packages to install or update.

Package Selection

The package manager should have a wide selection of software packages available. This can vary depending on Linux distribution, but a good package manager should have a good selection of commonly used packages.

Package Manager Alternatives

While package managers listed in this article are some of most popular and widely used, there are other package managers available for Linux users. Here are some alternatives −

Snap

Snap is a package manager that is designed to work across different Linux distributions. It uses containerization to ensure that packages are isolated from rest of system, which can improve security.

Snap packages are self-contained, meaning that they include all necessary dependencies required to run software. This can make it easier to install and update software packages.

Flatpak

Flatpak is another package manager that is designed to work across different Linux distributions. It uses containerization to ensure that packages are isolated from rest of system, which can improve security.

Like Snap, Flatpak packages are self-contained, meaning that they include all necessary dependencies required to run software.

AppImage

AppImage is a package format that is designed to be portable across different Linux distributions. It allows users to download and run applications without needing to install them on system.

AppImage packages are self-contained, meaning that they include all necessary dependencies required to run software.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Linux package managers are an essential tool for managing software packages on a Linux system. package managers listed in this article are some of best Linux package managers for Linux newbies. They provide users with simple commands and a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to install, remove, and update software packages. Whether you are using Debian-based, Red Hat-based, or openSUSE-based Linux distributions, you can find a package manager that suits your needs.

The Best Linux Distributions For Beginners

Dabbling for the first time in Linux starts with choosing a Linux distribution. A typical “Linux” system is built up of software from many different open-source projects, including the Linux kernel. Linux distributions—or “distros”—are the projects that package all this software into an easily installable, usable operating system.

Trying a Linux distribution is extremely easy. You just need to copy it to a USB drive and reboot your computer. You don’t need to install anything or tamper with your current system at all. (If you have a Windows 8 computer, you may need to disable Secure Boot before you can boot a Linux system.)

Ubuntu is a great place to start

Ubuntu is probably the most widely recommended Linux distribution for new users, and for good reason. This Linux distribution provides an easy, simple installer and a fairly user-friendly desktop in Unity. Unity differs a little from a traditional Windows desktop, but it shouldn’t be too hard to wrap your head around.

Further reading: The Ubuntu guide for displaced Windows users

Ubuntu Linux with the Unity desktop.

Go with the “long term service”—or LTS—release and you’ll have an Ubuntu system that’s supported with security updates for five solid years. These LTS releases also receive hardware support upgrades and some other significant software updates, allowing you to install Linux once and use your system for years. You don’t have to upgrade to a new version every single year to stay current, as you would if you were using a faster-moving Linux distro like Fedora.

Ubuntu’s popularity means there is a huge amount of software available for it in its software repositories and even in PPAs, if you end up needing something more bleeding-edge. There’s also a huge amount of documentation available online, so if you run into a problem, you can probably perform a web search and find someone else who’s already had and solved the same issue.

Linux Mint is very popular, too

There’s no denying Linux Mint’s popularity. Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu, so you get the same Ubuntu base system, but it’s also its own project. Ubuntu seems more popular in the wild, but Linux Mint often feels more popular among vocal Linux desktop users online.

Linux Mint with the Cinnamon desktop.

Linux Mint is focused on the traditional desktop. Both its Cinnamon and MATE desktops are more traditional interfaces that will probably be a bit more familiar to users leaving Windows than Ubuntu would. Linux Mint is also relentlessly focused on improving the desktop of today, while the Ubuntu project is working on a smartphone operating system, creating new software package formats, and entirely rewriting the Unity desktop for phone-PC convergence.

Give Linux Mint a try if you find Linux appealing but you’re not a fan of Ubuntu’s Unity desktop. Luckily, it’s easy to try both Ubuntu and Linux Mint without installing anything on your computer.

Want to stay up to date on Linux, BSD, Chrome OS, and the rest of the World Beyond Windows? Bookmark the World Beyond Windows column page or follow our RSS feed.

Lubuntu can give older computers new life

If you have a significantly older computer with less RAM and a slower CPU, you may want to skip the main Ubuntu desktop and use something more lightweight. Lubuntu is an Ubuntu base system with the Lxde desktop, which is much more lightweight. Lubuntu inherits all of Ubuntu’s perks—it just has a different desktop environment.

The Lubuntu project says Lubuntu should run fairly well with 512MB of RAM, though you’ll want 1GB for more demanding, modern websites. Ubuntu with the Unity desktop would likely struggle with such a low amount of available memory.

Lubuntu with the Lxde desktop.

Lubuntu isn’t the only version of Ubuntu with a different desktop you can try. Ubuntu offers a number of other “flavors,” too.

But what about Fedora, Debian, Arch, and others?

There are many other Linux distros out there—hundreds, actually. Here are a few you may have already heard of. These are all great Linux distros, but they aren’t the best place for most new users to start for one reason or another.

Fedora is popular, and it’s a great project. Unlike many other Linux distributions, Fedora works with a lot of “upstream” projects and doesn’t excessively customize them. The Fedora project is a platform for all the latest technologies going on in Linux-land and helps push the entire Linux ecosystem forward.

However, common software like multimedia codecs and closed-source hardware drivers aren’t supported on Fedora, which has a laser-like focus on free software. You’ll have to get this unapproved software from a third-party, which can be very daunting for a new user. Fedora is also very fast-moving, with every release of Fedora supported for only 13 months. You’ll have to upgrade to new versions of this Linux distro much more often to continue getting security updates.

Debian is solid and stable—it actually forms the basis for much of the software that ends up in Ubuntu. It’s been said that Ubuntu’s biggest accomplishment was taking the Debian system and building on it to make a more user-friendly system. Debian de-emphasizes proprietary software and doesn’t provide an easy tool to install the closed-source hardware drivers you may want or need. Debian is an excellent project, but Ubuntu is faster-moving and more focused on providing a polished desktop experience.

Arch Linux is also popular among more experienced users. It’s much more hands-on than hand-holding. That’s just what a certain type of user wants, but it’s probably not where you want to start with Linux unless you’re willing to dive into the deep end.

There’s no making everyone happy. Some readers will be upset that their distro of choice wasn’t recommended here. Every Linux distro has its fans and dedicated users. That freedom of choice is the beauty of Linux!

5 Linux Command Line Based Tools For Downloading Files And Browsing Websites

Linux is a popular operating system among developers and tech enthusiasts. It offers a powerful command-line interface (CLI) that can be used to accomplish various tasks. One of essential tasks that most Linux users need to perform is downloading files and browsing websites. In this article, we will discuss five Linux command-line based tools for downloading files and browsing websites.

Wget

wget is a free utility for downloading files from web. It is a command-line tool that can be used to download files over HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols. With wget, you can download files from a single URL or multiple URLs. You can also use it to mirror entire websites or parts of them. syntax for using wget is straightforward −

wget [options] [URL]

For example, to download a file from a website, you can use following command −

You can also use wget to download multiple files at once. For example, to download all PDF files from a website, you can use following command −

This command will download all PDF files from chúng tôi website.

Curl

curl is another popular command-line tool for downloading files from web. It supports various protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and SFTP. You can use curl to download files from a single URL or multiple URLs. You can also use it to upload files to a server. syntax for using curl is as follows −

curl [options] [URL]

For example, to download a file from a website, you can use following command −

This command will download file and save it with same name as on website. If you want to save it with a different name, you can use -o option, as shown below −

Lynx

lynx is a text-based web browser that runs in terminal. It is a command-line tool that can be used to browse web, read news, and view HTML files. Lynx does not support graphics or JavaScript, so it is a fast and lightweight browser. It can be used to browse web even on slow internet connections. syntax for using lynx is as follows −

lynx [options] [URL]

For example, to browse chúng tôi website, you can use following command −

Lynx supports various keyboard shortcuts for navigation, such as arrow keys for scrolling, Enter for following links, and Q for quitting browser.

Elinks elinks [options] [URL]

For example, to browse chúng tôi website, you can use following command −

Elinks supports various keyboard shortcuts for navigation, such as arrow keys for scrolling, Enter for following links, and Ctrl+T for opening a new tab.

W3m

w3m is a text-based web browser that runs in terminal. It is a simple and lightweight browser that supports basic web browsing features. W3m can be used to browse web, read news, and view HTML files. It supports mouse support and tabbed browsing. syntax for using w3m is as follows −

w3m [options] [URL]

For example, to browse chúng tôi website, you can use following command −

W3m supports various keyboard shortcuts for navigation, such as arrow keys for scrolling, Enter for following links, and Ctrl+T for opening a new tab.

Aria2

aria2 is a lightweight and powerful command-line download manager that supports various protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and BitTorrent. It can download files from multiple sources simultaneously, which makes it a great tool for downloading large files. syntax for using aria2 is as follows −

aria2c [options] [URL]

For example, to download a file from a website using aria2, you can use following command −

Youtube-dl

youtube-dl is a command-line utility that can be used to download videos from various websites, including YouTube, Vimeo, and Dailymotion. It supports various formats, including MP4, WebM, and FLV. syntax for using youtube-dl is as follows −

youtube-dl [options] [URL]

For example, to download a YouTube video using youtube-dl, you can use following command −

Httrack

httrack is a free and open-source website copier that can be used to download entire websites to your local machine. It supports various options, including mirror mode, update mode, and resume mode. syntax for using httrack is as follows −

httrack [options] [URL]

For example, to download a website using httrack, you can use following command −

These are some additional Linux command-line based tools that can be used for downloading files and browsing websites. Each tool has its own set of features and capabilities, and you should choose tool that best suits your needs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, these are five Linux command-line based tools that can be used for downloading files and browsing websites. Wget and curl are great tools for downloading files from web, while lynx, elinks, and w3m are text-based web browsers that can be used to browse web in terminal. These tools are lightweight and can be used even on slow internet connections. By using these tools, Linux users can accomplish various tasks in terminal, without need for a graphical user interface.

5 Simple Tips To Secure Your Linux Server

Linux servers are the backbone of the modern Internet. Today, nearly every website and service that you can access through a web browser runs on a Linux distribution. Here we show you how you can secure your Linux server.

Note: this tutorial was created using a Ubuntu server, but it should apply for other Linux distributions too, including your local web server.

1. Remove the Root SSH Access

One of the quickest ways to secure your Ubuntu server is to secure your SSH daemon by disabling your Root SSH access. By default, the OpenSSH server allows any incoming connection to log in as the root user.

For example, running the following command in an insecure server will provide a login prompt:

ssh

root

insecure.server.ip.address

This can be an issue, as this leaves your server open and vulnerable to a password brute force attack. To fix this, log in to your Linux server and update your SSH daemon’s configuration file.

Once you are inside your Linux server, edit the SSH config file:

sudo

nano

etc

ssh

sshd_config

Search for the PermitRootLogin variable in GNU Nano by pressing Ctrl + W and typing PermitRootLogin.

Change the value of PermitRootLogin from “yes” to “no,” then save the file by pressing Ctrl + o, then Ctrl + x.

To apply the new setting, reload the server’s SSH daemon through systemctl:

sudo

systemctl restart

ssh

2. Use a Public Keypair for SSH Access

Another quick way to secure your Linux server is to create a public keypair between your local and SSH user account. This approach skips the password login process and automatically authenticates you to your remote server.

To create a public keypair, you need to first run the following command in your local machine:

ssh-keygen

The keygen program will ask you for a number of details about the key you want to make. You can safely leave these options on default by pressing Enter three times.

Export your new public keypair to your remote server by using the ssh-copy-id program. This is a simple utility that prepares both the local and remote machines for public key authentication over SSH.

ssh-copy-id ramces

my.server.ip.address

ssh

ramces

my.server.ip.address

It is also possible to further secure your Linux server by removing the login prompt in SSH. Open your daemon’s configuration file with the following command:

sudo

nano

etc

ssh

sshd_config

Find the PasswordAuthentication variable and change its value from “yes” to “no.”

Reload your SSH daemon by running the following command:

sudo

systemctl restart sshd 3. Harden the Firewall of Your Linux Server

Aside from restricting SSH access, you can also improve your Linux server’s security by configuring your firewall. By default, a new Linux machine will accept all incoming connections from any port.

This can be an issue, as it leaves your server vulnerable to a port scanning attack. For example, a bad actor can scan your machine for any insecure ports and use that to find a suitable exploit.

One way to fix this is by installing ufw, a simple firewall client that can control the ports and addresses that are available to the outside world.

Run the following command to install ufw in Ubuntu:

sudo

apt

install

ufw

Set the default rules for ufw. These are the policies that your firewall will follow for any port that you do not customize. It is good practice to make sure that you are blocking all incoming connections:

sudo

ufw default deny incoming

sudo

ufw default allow outgoing

Configure your firewall for the services that you want to run in your machine. For example, running the following commands will allow you to log in through SSH and host a web server:

sudo

ufw allow

sudo

ufw allow

sudo

ufw allow

443

Lastly, you need to enable your new firewall configuration by running sudo ufw enable. Further, you can check whether your firewall is online by running this command:

sudo

ufw status 4. Create a New User for Every Service

By default, every file and program in a Linux system belongs to a particular user and group. To modify the system, you need to have the right permissions for the right folders.

One way to increase the security of your Linux server is to create a new user account for every new service. This approach allows you to contain the privileges for each service to their own user account.

To do this, run the following commands:

sudo

useradd

-s

bin

bash

-d

home

new-service

-m

-G

sudo

new-service

sudo

passwd

new-service

The -s flag sets the system shell for the new user account. In my case, my new account uses Bash for its shell.

Both the -d and -m flags set the default user directory for the new account.

The -G flag, on the other hand, adds the new account to any secondary groups that you specify. For example, adding the new account to the sudo group will allow it to run superuser commands.

The passwd command allows you to set a new password for the new user account.

Once done, you can use your new user account by either logging off your current account or running su new-service.

5. Harden the Kernel of Your Server

The kernel is one of the most important parts of a Linux system and is the glue that links your machine’s hardware to your software. For example, compiling your own Linux kernel allows you to enable support for exotic hardware and features.

Aside from that, the kernel also serves as the root process of the operating system. Securing the kernel is one of the most vital parts of securing your Linux server.

One of the quickest ways to secure your kernel is through sysctl. This is a built-in utility that allows you to tweak the Linux kernel’s runtime options.

However, it is important to note that sysctl will not cover the entire kernel hardening process, as securing the kernel will largely depend on what you need from it.

Knowing that, you can run the following commands to prevent your kernel from reporting any diagnostics information:

sudo

sysctl kernel.kptr_restrict=

sudo

sysctl kernel.dmesg_restrict=

sudo

sysctl kernel.kexec_load_disabled=

You can also run the following commands to tell your kernel to drop any fake connection requests made to your server:

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337=

These commands, on the other hand, will force the kernel to validate each incoming connection to the machine:

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=

Lastly, the following set of commands will prevent any incoming connection to redirect the network traffic to a different gateway. Doing this will prevent your machine from falling foul to a man-in-the-middle attack.

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=

sudo

sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=

Tips: other than the above tips, you can also make use of these open-source tools to secure your Linux server.

Frequently Asked Questions I lost my local machine. Is it still possible to log in to my Ubuntu server through SSH?

For the most part, it should not be possible to log in through SSH if it is only using public key authentication. However, it may still be possible to access the SSH prompt if you did not disable the PasswordAuthentication variable.

Aside from that, you could either physically access the machine and update “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” or access the root console from your VPS provider.

My server has both iptables and ufw. Do I need to configure both for my firewall?

No! Both iptables and ufw are firewall software that take control over the same address ranges and ports. You only need to configure one of them to have a working firewall in your Linux server.

Is it possible to remove the superuser privileges of a user that I made?

Yes! It is possible to remove an existing user from a group. Use the usermod utility. For example, running usermod -G video new-service will remove the “new-service” user from the “sudo” group and add it to the “video” group.

Image credit: Unsplash. All alterations and screenshots by Ramces Red.

Ramces Red

Ramces is a technology writer that lived with computers all his life. A prolific reader and a student of Anthropology, he is an eccentric character that writes articles about Linux and anything *nix.

Subscribe to our newsletter!

Our latest tutorials delivered straight to your inbox

By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy and European users agree to the data transfer policy. We will not share your data and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Understanding Pipes And Redirection For The Linux Command Line

On all Unix-like operating systems, like Linux and FreeBSD, the output from a command line program automatically goes to a place known as standard output (stdout). By default, standard out is the screen (the console) but that can be changed using pipes and redirection. Likewise the keyboard is considered the standard input (stdin) and as with standard out, it can be changed.

Pipes

Pipes allow you to funnel the output from one command into another where it will be used as the input. In other words, the standard output from one program becomes the standard input for another.

The “more” command takes the standard input and paginates it on the standard output (the screen). This means that if a command displays more information than can be shown on one screen, the “more” program will pause after the first screen full (page) and wait for the user to press SPACE to see the next page or RETURN to see the next line.

Here is an example which will list all the files, with details (-la) in the /dev directory and pipe the output to more. The /dev directory should have dozens of files and hence ensure that more needs to paginate.

Notice the --More-- prompt at the bottom of the screen. Press SPACE to see the next page and keep pressing SPACE until the output is finished.

Here is another pipe example, this time using the “wc” (word count) tool.

The In Depth Look at Linux’s Archiving and Compression Commands tutorial has an example using tar and 7-Zip together:

Redirection

The cat command can be used to create a file using redirection, for example:

Conclusion

Many of Linux command line programs are designed to work with redirection and pipes, try experimenting with them and see how they interact. For example the output of the ps command, which lists the current processes, can be piped into grep. See if you can work out how to list the processes owned by root.

Gary Sims

Gary has been a technical writer, author and blogger since 2003. He is an expert in open source systems (including Linux), system administration, system security and networking protocols. He also knows several programming languages, as he was previously a software engineer for 10 years. He has a Bachelor of Science in business information systems from a UK University.

Subscribe to our newsletter!

Our latest tutorials delivered straight to your inbox

By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy and European users agree to the data transfer policy. We will not share your data and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Update the detailed information about 5 Linux Books For The Enthusiast on the Hatcungthantuong.com website. We hope the article's content will meet your needs, and we will regularly update the information to provide you with the fastest and most accurate information. Have a great day!