Trending December 2023 # Amazing Things To Know About Irda In Insurance Sector # Suggested January 2024 # Top 15 Popular

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We all know what insurance is and its role in our nation’s economic development. By now, everyone must be familiar with the insurance business. It is a contract between individuals or groups or businessmen & insurance companies. The extent of the insurance contracts differs i.e. some contracts are for one year, and some are for twenty years or more, and the size of such contracts is also very large. Insurance contracts are assurances or promises made by insurance companies to reimburse the insured person in case of an accident or mishappening. Therefore, the Government of India established an agency called the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) to supervise & resolve the issues arising in the insurance sector and even look after the development of this sector.

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Still, these promises are not tangible, and insurance companies deal with a huge number of contracts, giving rise to industrial disputes. In order to settle down such disputes, the Government of each nation appoints a regulator who looks after the activities & tries to resolve the problems. So, this article will throw light upon Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) features, role, impact, duties, powers, policies, etc.

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act Features of Authority

The authority will consist of a Chairman, whole-time members & part-time members, and they will act as a group of members and will work jointly, not individually, like the Controller of Insurance.

If any member resigns or dies, the authority will continue to work.

A common seal with the power to enter into a contract by affixing a stamp on the documents.

Sue or being sued means the Authority can file a case against any person or organization and vice versa.

Duties, Powers & Functions of Authority (Section 14):

Duties: –

The authority’s duty is to control, promote and safeguard the orderly growth of the insurance industry and reinsurance business subject to any other provisions of the act.

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Powers & Functions to:-

(1) To protect the interest of the policyholders related to the surrender value of the policy, settlement of insurance claims, insurable interest, nomination by policyholders, and other terms & conditions of the insurance contract.

(2) In the case of General Insurance, who assesses the loss of the policyholder should be stated the code of conduct.

(3) Promoting proficiency in the conduct of insurance business;

(4) Promoting and regulating professional organizations connected with the insurance and re-insurance business;

(5) Calling for information from, undertaking an inspection of, and conducting inquiries, including audit of the insurers, intermediaries, insurance intermediaries and other organizations connected with the Insurance business;

(6) Stating the form and manner in which books of account shall be kept, and insurers and other insurance intermediaries shall render a statement of accounts;

(7) Regulating investment of funds by insurance companies;

(8) Regulating maintenance of margin of solvency i.e., having sufficient funds to pay insurance claim amount;

(10) Stating the percentage of life insurance business and general insurance business to be accepted by the insurer in the rural or social sector; and

(11) Exercising such other powers as may be prescribed.

Role of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)

Safeguard the interest of and secure fair treatment to insurance policyholders

Bring quick and systematic growth of the insurance industry or sector to benefit the common man and provide long-term funds for accelerating the economy’s growth.

Set, promote, monitor, and apply high standards of integrity, fair dealing, financial viability, and capability of those it regulates.

Ensure that insurance policyholder receives precise, accurate, clear & correct information about the products & services provided by insurance companies & also make customers aware of their duties & responsibilities in this regard.

Ensure quick settlement of genuine claims, prevent insurance frauds, scams & other malpractices, and put operative grievance redressal machinery in place.

Boost transparency, fairness, and orderly conduct in financial markets dealing with insurance & build a trustworthy management information system in order to enforce high standards of financial soundness amongst market players.

Take appropriate actions where such standards do not prevail or are inadequate & ineffectively enforced.

Bring an optimal amount of self-regulation in day-to-day activities of the industry, reliable with the requirements of prudential regulation.

Impact of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) 1. Impact over Regulation of the Insurance Sector

IRDA greatly impacts the overall regulation of the Indian Insurance Sector. In order to keep the proper protection of the policyholder’s interests, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) has a close observation of the different activities of the insurance sector in India.

2. Impact on Policyholders’ Interests Protection

The core objective or purpose of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority is to protect the interests of policyholders. IRDA is trying its level best in this context.

3. Impact on Awareness of Insurance

In order to increase the awareness of insurance in society, IRDA is trying to take different steps in making the activities of the insurance sector transparent.

4. Impact on Insurance Market

There is a great transformation in the insurance market due to the impact of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, be it with respect to marketing, insurance products, competition & customer awareness.

5. Impact on the Development of Insurance Product

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) has brought a revolution in the development of insurance products. The development of ULIPs (Unit-Linked Insurance Plans) results from the insurance sector’s privatization.

6. Impact on Competition in the Insurance Sector

Earlier, there was no competition in the insurance sector. Still, the privatization of the insurance sector & inviting of private players in the insurance sector has given rise to competition in the insurance sector.

7. Impact on Saving and Investment of Individuals 8. Impact on Government Responsibility

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) is making the government responsible & accountable for bringing uniformity in the insurance sector due to the constant increase in the number of insurers, increasing competition, number of diversified products, and diversified activities of the insurers.

9. Impact on Banks and Post Offices

Insurance has resulted in giving security against any kind of uncertainties or risks, so the insurance sector has become a popular medium for savings & investments and thus has diverted the flow of funds from banks & post offices to the insurance industry.

10. Impact on Individual Life

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority has developed an understanding of insurance by putting a great impression on the life of the common man of society.

11. Impact on Share Market

Private insurers or players have developed ULIPs (Unit-Linked Insurance plans) to attract more customers and ULIPs result from the modern insurance market. Therefore, insurance products have made it simple to raise funds y the companies and have also attached many individuals in society indirectly to the activities of the share market.

12. Impact on the Indian Economy

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority has an impact on the economic development of the country because money invested by investors or individuals in various types of insurance products has channelized the funds of a country from a non-economic activity to economic activity & has made available to the governments of a country in order to implement the various developmental activities in the country.

Complaint Redressal by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)

If an individual is unhappy with the insurance company, the following procedure has to be done:

Give your complaint in writing along with the necessary support documents

Take a written acknowledgment of your complaint with the date.

The insurance company should deal with your complaint within 15 days. If that does not happen or if an individual is unhappy with their solution, then one can approach the Grievance Redressal Officer of its branch or any other office you deal with.

Approach the Grievance Redressal Cell of the Consumer Affairs Department of IRDA: Send an e-mail to

[email protected]

Send a letter or fax to IRDA with your complaint.

In the last 10 years, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority has brought significant changes in the Insurance sector. Thus, due to its measures, the insurance sector has seen tremendous growth. Prior to Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, only Life Insurance Corporations (LIC) & General Insurance Companies (GIC) were the players in the Insurance sector. However, due to the establishment of IRDA, 23 new players emerged in the field of insurance. And also Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority deals with any kind of discrepancy or difference in the insurance sector.

Five Things You Didn’t Know About Me : Blog Tag

In the tradition of friendly blogosphere blogging, I’ve been blog tagged by Peter and Lee in the great search blogger meme of the five things you probably do not know about me.

1. I’m a farm boy from one of the oldest families on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, born on the brackish banks of the Wye River with the genetic burden of Old Bay, Natty Boh, Skipjacks, Oysters, Tongs, Sweet Corn, Lord Calvert, rusty fish hooks, Hydroplane Racing, Rip Rap, Softcrabs, Eastern Shore Democrats and the Baltimore Orioles running through my veins (if you’re from Maryland some of this may make sense to you, if not, please skip to #2)

2. I’ve saved about 4 lives performing the Heimlich Maneuver on people who were choking on their food (not including the time I was forced to do so on myself when choking on a Dorito). Four lives, just from following the information from those charts in the restaurants. And did you know, it is also an excellent way to help clear the water out of the lungs of a drowning victim?

4. I prefer a nice grilled, rare or charbroiled fish to steak, pork or chicken any day of the week. Unless, of course, we’re at a churrascaria!

5. In 2000 after spearheading the SEO and SEM division of a small search marketing firm for 2 years, I decided to leave the industry and move to a small fishing village in southern Japan where I barely touched a computer and taught English for a living while studying a bit of Shingon Buddhism, Aikido and bar tending.

In 2003 I began to regain interest in the industry and started blogging at chúng tôi to keep up on the changes in the industry that I thought I had missed. The rest is history.

And… over the past 5 years I’ve called Curitiba, Brasil along with Tanabe (Wakayama) & Mito (Ibaraki) Japan home. Yes, I speak a bit of Portuguese & Japanese and I’m now based on the East Coast of the United States.

Bonus #6. Like Lee and John, I also played high school football… nose guard and offensive line, we were 1-9 my Senior year.

I’ll think of some people to tag over the course of the night.

Moto X4 Oreo Problems: 10 Things To Know

It didn’t take long for Google and Motorola to roll out Android Oreo to the Moto X4, both the standard and Android One variants.

While it was a guarantee that the Android One variant will receive the update ahead of the standard model, the fact that the latter runs Motorola’s near stock interface meant that it was never going to take long before it also received Oreo. However, this has only been true for those in India and a few other markets.

Like any other software update, early adopters of the Moto X4 Oreo update have mixed reactions to the new OS. It seems a good number have no major problems after the update, but there are others who have been having nightmares ever since they installed Oreo on the Moto X4.

In this article, you’ll find the most common Moto X4 Oreo problems that users have been registering through several online forums, including Lenovo’s, alongside their possible solutions (if any). Note that some of these fixes may or may not work. In the latter case, you’ll have no option but to wait for another update from the company to fix the issue in question.

Laggy performance

Usually, smartphones can become astonishingly laggy after a software update. It’s normal, but it can be annoying at the same time. This is exactly what Moto X4 users are going through after the update to Android Oreo. Apps are slower/crashing, the Launcher isn’t smooth, the interface looks unpolished with cases of icons overlapping and so on.

A factory data reset should help solve this problem – and so should it for many others that we’ll highlight in this article.

Blue Screen of Death

When you talk about the Blue Screen of Death, it’s usually got to do with computers. But apparently, the Moto X4 has its own version of the Blue Screen of Death. Since updating to Android Oreo, a good number of users are having trouble making regular phone calls. Apparently, the Phone Dialer app hangs and displays a blue screen when you place a call and the real calling screen only shows up after between 10 and 40 seconds, which can be annoying.

For those whose Dialer app is able to make calls, they have other issues to deal with. Apparently, it’s also not possible to make a conference call by adding another contact to an ongoing call.

If the Phone Dialer app won’t be working properly even after trying these fixes, you may want to sit back and wait for the company to fix it via a software update, but for now, you’ll have to learn to live with these issues.

Poor battery life

The phone calling issue is more widespread than any other, but there are also other issues as well. As you would expect, complaints about excess battery drain aren’t missing. After the Moto X4 Oreo update, some people are complaining that the phone is losing too much juice, even when in idle mode, mobile data and Wi-Fi turned off and even when battery saving mode is turned on.

Doing a factory data reset may help bring things back to normalcy. You may also want to check how apps are consuming battery juice via the Battery settings. Android Oreo also allows users to limit background activity for apps and thus save more battery. If you find any apps that are consuming too much battery juice, you may want to uninstall them or maybe update them to the latest versions. Some updates to these apps may come with issues and when their developers discover them, they immediately roll out updates with fixes. Make sure you are using the latest versions of your installed apps.

Google Play services keeps stopping

A non-functioning Google Play services app means that your Moto X4 won’t be able to receive software updates via the Google Play Store, which is not a good thing at all. Hopefully, a fix will be rolled out sooner than later.

Volume rocker isn’t working

After the update to Android Oreo, there are some Moto X4 users complaining about a sudden drop in the system volume. To make it even worse, the volume rockers aren’t working property. Apparently, you cannot increase the volume after this drop and this has just been noticed after the Oreo update. This means that some are stuck with a volume level they might not like as it is too low. Also, the notification level tends not to disappear when one is watching videos fullscreen and this is quite annoying for some.

Smart Lock feature is missing

One of the best features of the Moto X4 is Smart Lock. With this feature, you can keep the phone unlocked as long as it can detect that you are with it, for instance, when you are home, when it’s connected to your Moto 360 or even when it detects your face.

One problem, though, is that after the update to Android Oreo, the Smart Lock feature is missing from the Smart Lock settings menu as shown in the screenshot below (left). For some users, it started in the previous version but it has only started showing up for others after the Moto X4 Oreo update.

On the brighter side, there’s a working trick (at least for some) that can bring back the Smart Lock feature. To bring it back, turn off Smartlock Trust agent in the Security and Location settings menu and then restart your phone. After the phone restarts, turn the feature back on and Smart Lock should be back to normal as shown in the screenshot above (right). Note that this doesn’t work for some and for others, it only works for a short while, but it has worked for others as well.

Poor RAM management

Even before the update to Android Oreo, RAM management has always been an issue on the Moto X4. For a phone with a massive 4GB RAM, though, it’s strange that when there’s no active app, some users are reporting that they only get about 0.9GB of free RAM after the update to Oreo.

What this means is that the system takes up a whopping 2GB+ of the available RAM, leaving users with about 1GB RAM to play around with – and this can be disastrous in terms of performance.

Wireless sound system issues

After the update to Android Oreo, some Moto X4 users are also reporting issues with the Wireless Sound System. This is one of the features that are unique to the X4, where users can pair up to four Bluetooth devices individually and even bring them together for an enhanced stereo sound experience.

As it is, the feature is not working. On trying to access it, users are greeted by an error message saying “TempowService keeps stopping” as shown in the screenshot above. Nothing seems to work so far, whether it’s force stopping the Wireless Sound System, resetting it or even clearing the data. Hopefully, a software update will take care of it.

Phone automatically restarts in the middle of use

It can’t get worse than this, can it? Apparently, some Moto X4 users are having their worst moments when trying to enjoy their free time on YouTube or even when browsing on Google Chrome. The phone automatically restarts whenever these apps are in use.

The Moto team says clearing the cache and data, uninstalling the affected apps and then reinstalling them should work magic. You can also try using the phone in Safe Mode just so as to see if these apps are the ones causing the problem. To boot into Safe Mode, press the power key and then press and hold the pop-up “Power off” key that shows up until you see the Safe Mode instructions on your screen.

Non-responsive fingerprint scanner

Like apps, the fingerprint scanner can also stop working. For a phone like the Moto X4 where users heavily rely on the fingerprint scanner for authentication purposes, this can be annoying. There’s no proposed fix, but you can almost certainly be sure that a factory data reset may help fix the problem.

Otherwise, you may have to wait for a future software update that’ll iron out the problem and many others affecting Moto X4 users after the update to Android Oreo.

Top 10 Things You Must Know Before Investing In Cryptocurrency

Investing in cryptocurrency might not slow down anytime soon! Note down these facts for more profits

Over the past few years, the significance of cryptocurrencies has grown far and wide. The digital asset market is constantly evolving with investors discovering new use cases regularly. Currently, there are thousands of cryptocurrencies in the market, with Bitcoin as the largest and the greatest of them all. However, the present condition of the crypto market is scaring investors away from it. The market’s growing popularity has led to an increase in cryptocurrency investments, however, investing in cryptocurrency might not be that easy! There are various facts about cryptocurrencies that beginners should understand and analyze before diving into the market, starting with its intense volatility that led to the fall of major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Even though the crypto market’s volatility is worrying investors, investing in cryptocurrency is not likely to slow down anytime soon. In this article, we have enlisted the top 10 things you must know before investing in cryptocurrency in 2023.

Cryptocurrency is Unregulated and Decentralized Extremely Volatile

Large-scale, trusted investments like Bitcoin and Ethereum have lost significant chunks of their values due to their extreme volatility. However, investors are still unaware of how to control the volatility in a manner to satisfy their own needs, without losing massive amounts of funding.

Analyzing Market Sentiments

The buying and selling of cryptocurrencies define what and how customers are feeling about a specific digital asset. Understanding the basic conduct of buying and selling, the rising mainstream adoption of specific crypto, and how it’s being adopted by external users indicate the market sentiments about the digital asset. Beginners should take note of such investments since it demonstrates which cryptocurrency has higher potential to yield profits.

Keeping a Modified Crypto Portfolio

Investing in cryptocurrency requires investors to spread their money across various digital assets. The assortment should include potentially less volatile cryptos, and some volatile, yet high-reward assets like Bitcoin. Keeping a diversified portfolio will help investors endure profits for a longer period of time.

Analyzing Various Crypto Developments

Cryptocurrencies are based on blockchain technology that is open-source. It provides investors with the ability to check out the latest developer activity to get a better glimpse of how the crypto might prove useful in the days to come.

Invest Money You are Comfortable Losing

Cryptocurrencies are innately risky, infact, sometimes plummet down to zero! For instance, the implosion of the Terra LUNA stablecoin token taught investors to not completely put their investments into one token and only invest what they are capable of losing.

Beware of ICOs

Initial coin offerings became quite popular, a few years back. However, ICOs became one of the primary hunting grounds for naive investors. ICOs can be extremely risky, hence, investors need to go through the whitepapers of cryptocurrencies on their respective websites before plunging into it.

Choose the Right Crypto Exchange and Wallet Services

Investors need to look for trustworthy crypto exchanges and wallet services, through which they can handle their crypto funds and investments. The rising popularity of cryptocurrencies gave birth to several new crypto exchanges and wallet services, however, choosing the right one might make investors quite overwhelmed.

Protecting the Private Keys is Critical

Investors might not always remember the passwords to all their crypto wallets; however, it is critical that they remember and protect the private keys. Experts say that one of the best ways is to handle crypto funds through a hardware wallet that will not require any internet connection, making it less vulnerable to attacks.

Keep Yourself Updated with the Taxation and Regulatory Measures

Everything You Need To Know About Scikit

Introduction

Scikit-learn is one Python library we all inevitably turn to when we’re building machine learning models. I’ve built countless models using this wonderful library and I’m sure all of you must have as well.

There’s no question – scikit-learn provides handy tools with easy-to-read syntax. Among the pantheon of popular Python libraries, scikit-learn ranks in the top echelon along with Pandas and NumPy. These three Python libraries provide a complete solution to various steps of the machine learning pipeline.

I love the clean, uniform code and functions that scikit-learn provides. It makes it really easy to use other techniques once we have mastered one. The excellent documentation is the icing on the cake as it makes a lot of beginners self-sufficient with building machine learning models.

The developers behind scikit-learn have come up with a new version (v0.22) that packs in some major updates. I’ll unpack these features for you in this article and showcase what’s under the hood through Python code.

Note: Looking to learn Python from scratch? This free course is the perfect starting point!

Table of Contents

Getting to Know Scikit-Learn

A Brief History of Scikit-Learn

Scikit-Learn v0.22 Updates (with Python implementation)

Stacking Classifier and Regressor

Permutation-Based Feature Importance

Multi-class Support for ROC-AUC

kNN-Based Imputation

Tree Pruning

Getting to Know Scikit-Learn

This library is built upon the SciPy (Scientific Python) library that you need to install before you can use scikit-learn. It is licensed under a permissive simplified BSD license and is distributed under many Linux distributions, encouraging academic and commercial use.

Overall, scikit-learn uses the following libraries behind the scenes:

NumPy: n-dimensional array package

SciPy: Scientific computing Library

Matplotlib: Plotting Library

iPython: Interactive python (for Jupyter Notebook support)

SymPy: Symbolic mathematics

Pandas: Data structures, analysis, and manipulation

Lately, scikit-learn has reorganized and restructured its functions & packages into six main modules:

Classification: Identifying which category an object belongs to

Regression: Predicting a continuous-valued attribute associated with an object

Clustering: For grouping unlabeled data

Dimensionality Reduction: Reducing the number of random variables to consider

Model Selection: Comparing, validating and choosing parameters and models

Preprocessing: Feature extraction and normalization

scikit-learn provides the functionality to perform all the steps from preprocessing, model building, selecting the right model, hyperparameter tuning, to frameworks for interpreting machine learning models.

Scikit-learn Modules (Source: Scikit-learn Homepage)

A Brief History of Scikit-learn

Scikit-learn has come a long way from when it started back in 2007 as scikits.learn. Here’s a cool trivia for you – scikit-learn was a Google Summer of Code project by David Cournapeau!

This was taken over and rewritten by Fabian Pedregosa, Gael Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort and Vincent Michel, all from the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation and its first public release took place in 2010.

Since then, it has added a lot of features and survived the test of time as the most popular open-source machine learning library across languages and frameworks. The below infographic, prepared by our team, illustrates a brief timeline of all the scikit-learn features along with their version number:

The above infographics show the release of features since its inception as a public library for implementing Machine Learning Algorithms from 2010 to 2023

Today, Scikit-learn is being used by organizations across the globe, including the likes of Spotify, JP Morgan, chúng tôi Evernote, and many more. You can find the complete list here with testimonials I believe this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to this library’s popularity as there will a lot of small and big companies using scikit-learn at some stage of prototyping models.

The latest version of scikit-learn, v0.22, has more than 20 active contributors today. v0.22 has added some excellent features to its arsenal that provide resolutions for some major existing pain points along with some fresh features which were available in other libraries but often caused package conflicts.

We will cover them in detail here and also dive into how to implement them in Python.

Scikit-Learn v0.22 Updates

Along with bug fixes and performance improvements, here are some new features that are included in scikit-learn’s latest version.

Stacking Classifier & Regressor

Stacking is an ensemble learning technique that uses predictions from multiple models (for example, decision tree, KNN or SVM) to build a new model.

This model is used for making predictions on the test set. Below is a step-wise explanation I’ve taken from this excellent article on ensemble learning for a simple stacked ensemble:

The base model (in this case, decision tree) is then fitted on the whole train dataset

This model is used to make final predictions on the test prediction set

The mlxtend library provides an API to implement Stacking in Python. Now, sklearn, with its familiar API can do the same and it’s pretty intuitive as you will see in the demo below. You can either import StackingRegressor & StackingClassifier depending on your use case:

from

sklearn.linear_model

import

LogisticRegression

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from chúng tôi import DecisionTreeClassifier

from

sklearn.ensemble

import

StackingClassifier

from

sklearn.model_selection

import

train_test_split

load_iris

(

return_X_y

True

)

estimators

[

(

'rf'

RandomForestClassifier

(

n_estimators

random_state

)),

(

'dt'

DecisionTreeClassifier

(

random_state

)

]

clf

StackingClassifier

(

estimators

final_estimator

LogisticRegression

()

)

X_train

X_test

y_train

y_test

train_test_split

(

stratify

random_state

)

clf

fit

(

X_train

y_train

)

score

(

X_test

y_test

)

Permutation-Based Feature Importance

As the name suggests, this technique provides a way to assign importance to each feature by permuting each feature and capturing the drop in performance.

But what does permuting mean here? Let us understand this using an example.

Let’s say we are trying to predict house prices and have only 2 features to work with:

LotArea – (Sq Feet area of the house)

YrSold (Year when it was sold)

The test data has just 10 rows as shown below:

Next, we fit a simple decision tree model and get an R-Squared value of 0.78. We pick a feature, say LotArea, and shuffle it keeping all the other columns as they were:

Next, we calculate the R-Squared once more and it comes out to be 0.74. We take the difference or ratio between the 2 (0.78/0.74 or 0.78-0.74), repeat the above steps, and take the average to represent the importance of the LotArea feature.

We can perform similar steps for all the other features to get the relative importance of each feature. Since we are using the test set here to evaluate the importance values, only the features that help the model generalize better will fare better.

Earlier, we had to implement this from scratch or import packages such as ELI5. Now, Sklearn has an inbuilt facility to do permutation-based feature importance. Let’s get into the code to see how we can visualize this:

As you can see in the above box plot, there are 3 features that are relatively more important than the other 4. You can try this with any model, which makes it a model agnostic interpretability technique. You can read more about this machine learning interpretability concept here.

Multiclass Support for ROC-AUC

The ROC-AUC score for binary classification is super useful especially when it comes to imbalanced datasets. However, there was no support for Multi-Class classification till now and we had to manually code to do this. In order to use the ROC-AUC score for multi-class/multi-label classification, we would need to binarize the target first.

Currently, sklearn has support for two strategies in order to achieve this:

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) rf = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=44, max_depth=2) rf.fit(X,y) print(roc_auc_score(y, rf.predict_proba(X), multi_class='ovo'))

Also, there is a new plotting API that makes it super easy to plot and compare ROC-AUC curves from different machine learning models. Let’s see a quick demo:

from

sklearn.model_selection

import

train_test_split

from

sklearn.svm

import

SVC

from

sklearn.metrics

import

plot_roc_curve

from

sklearn.ensemble

import

RandomForestClassifier

from

sklearn.datasets

import

make_classification

import

matplotlib.pyplot

plt

make_classification

(

random_state

)

X_train

X_test

y_train

y_test

train_test_split

(

random_state

)

svc

SVC

(

random_state

)

svc

fit

(

X_train

y_train

)

rfc

RandomForestClassifier

(

random_state

)

rfc

fit

(

X_train

y_train

)

svc_disp

plot_roc_curve

(

svc

X_test

y_test

)

rfc_disp

plot_roc_curve

(

rfc

X_test

y_test

svc_disp

ax_

)

rfc_disp

figure_

suptitle

(

"ROC curve comparison"

)

plt

show

()

In the above figure, we have a comparison of two different machine learning models, namely Support Vector Classifier & Random Forest. Similarly, you can plot the AUC-ROC curve for more machine learning models and compare their performance.

kNN-Based Imputation

In kNN based imputation method, the missing values of an attribute are imputed using the attributes that are most similar to the attribute whose values are missing. The assumption behind using kNN for missing values is that a point value can be approximated by the values of the points that are closest to it, based on other variables.

The k-nearest neighbor can predict both qualitative & quantitative attributes

Creation of predictive machine learning model for each attribute with missing data is not required

Correlation structure of the data is taken into consideration

Scikit-learn supports kNN-based imputation using the Euclidean distance method. Let’s see a quick demo:

import

numpy

from

sklearn.impute

import

KNNImputer

[[4

nan

[

nan

[

]]

imputer

KNNImputer

(

n_neighbors

)

(

imputer

fit_transform

(

))

You can read about how kNN works in comprehensive detail here.

Tree Pruning

In basic terms, pruning is a technique we use to reduce the size of decision trees thereby avoiding overfitting. This also extends to other tree-based algorithms such as Random Forests and Gradient Boosting. These tree-based machine learning methods provide parameters such as min_samples_leaf and max_depth to prevent a tree from overfitting.

Pruning provides another option to control the size of a tree. XGBoost & LightGBM have pruning integrated into their implementation. However, a feature to manually prune trees has been long overdue in Scikit-learn (R already provides a similar facility as a part of the rpart package).

In its latest version, Scikit-learn provides this pruning functionality making it possible to control overfitting in most tree-based estimators once the trees are built. For details on how and why pruning is done, you can go through this excellent tutorial on tree-based methods by Sunil. Let’s look at a quick demo now:

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from sklearn.datasets import make_classification X

make_classification

(

random_state

)

RandomForestClassifier

(

random_state

ccp_alpha

)

fit

(

)

(

"Average number of nodes without pruning

{:.1f}

format

(

mean

([

tree_

node_count

for

estimators_

])))

RandomForestClassifier

(

random_state

ccp_alpha

0.1

)

fit

(

)

(

"Average number of nodes with pruning

{:.1f}

format

(

mean

([

tree_

node_count

for

estimators_

])))

End Notes

The scikit-learn package is the ultimate go-to library for building machine learning models. It is the first machine learning-focused library all newcomers lean on to guide them through their initial learning process. And even as a veteran, I often find myself using it to quickly test out a hypothesis or solution I have in mind.

The latest release definitely has some significant upgrades as we just saw. It’s definitely worth exploring on your own and experimenting using the base I have provided in this article.

Top 10 Anniversary Update Features To Know About

Top 10 Anniversary Update features to know about

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Microsoft is boasting that its Anniversary Update is the best version of Windows ever, promising its new features will impress every users. Since not everyone had the chance to test out the new Windows 10 version, we’ll quickly list the most important features that come with the Anniversary Update for your reference

1. The new Windows 10 Refresh Tool

The Anniversary Update makes it easier for users to clean install Windows 10. There is no need to perform complex actions such as configuring your BIOS. All you have to do is download the RefreshWindowsTool.exe and follow the on-screen indications.

Thanks to the new Windows 10 Refresh Tool, it takes less time to clean install Windows 10, and all users with basic tech skills can perform the action.

For a step-by-step guide on how to use the Windows 10 Refresh Tool, check out our fix article.

2. You can now reactivate Windows 10 after changing your hardware

You can now link your Windows 10 digital license to your Microsoft Account. Thanks to this new feature, you can easily reactivate Windows 10 after having upgraded your hardware.

If the message “Windows is not activated” is displayed on the screen, then the troubleshooting option allowing you to quickly reactivate your Windows 10 will be visible.

3. Windows Defender Limited Periodic Scanning

Up until recently, Microsoft didn’t allow Windows users to run two antivirus programs at the same time. Most users choose to run 3rd party product instead such as Norton instead of running Microsoft’s native Windows Defender.

However, while 3rd-party antiviruses cannot fully protect your system, Microsoft can’t force users to run Windows Defender either. Therefore, the tech giant found some middle-ground: It now allows users to run 3rd-party antivirus programs together with Windows Defender.

The new Limited Periodic Scanning feature is actually only available for devices running 3rd-party antivirus programs. It periodically scans your computer and removes any threats that remained undetected by your full-time antivirus.

4. The Network Reset feature

5. Windows 10 Mobile Hotspot

Thanks to this new feature, you can now turn your Windows 10 PC into a mobile hotspot and share your internet connection with other devices.

Turn on the Mobile hotspot to share your cellular data connection.

6. More control over app battery usage

Expert tip:

The Anniversary Update helps users better manage the app battery usage by restricting apps from running in the background. Also, the feature will turn off the apps you’re not using if high battery drain is detected.

Many Windows users complained the OS installed updates when they were using their computers, giving them no time to save the files they were working on. Fortunately, Microsoft heard your complaints. Now, Windows 10 lets you select the time you’re actively using your machine to avoid any conflict.

Save your settings.

8. Dark Mode

9. Windows 10 now syncs phone notifications to your PC

Cortana is now a better assistant and can push notifications from your phone to your PC. There are no limitations regarding the phone platform you’re using: Android, iPhone, and Windows Phone notifications will all appear on your Windows 10 PC.

10. Microsoft Edge extensions

Using Edge extensions is easier now. You can simply download the extensions you want from the Microsoft Store and use them in your browser. Edge extensions are only available for Windows 10 PC; Microsoft already announced extensions wouldn’t come to Windows 10 Mobile anytime soon.

What are your favorite Windows 10 features?