Trending November 2023 # List Of Complete Release Hstory For Typescript # Suggested December 2023 # Top 14 Popular

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Introduction to Typescript Versions

Initially, it was introduced by Microsoft in 2012. And the very first version of it is 0.8. Thereafter the next version came into picture i.e. 0.9. Which is developed in 2013? It had many drawbacks such as support for other operating systems and for IDE. Later version 1.0 came with these improvements in the year 2014. Further version 2.0 launched in 2023.

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List of Typescript Versions

Version 1.1: When version 1.1 came it was nearly four times faster than the older version of it. This was very useful to improve Javascript projects.

Version 1.3: In this release, it introduced the one access modifier i.e. protected as you may have seen it in java or any other language. If you don’t know what does it mean then let me tell you this gives access to only class and its subclasses to use members of the protested class.

Version 1.4: ES6 features are being used like declaring variables with let and const keywords rather than using var keyword which tends to create hoisting scenarios. Strictness in generic calls has been improved here.

Version 1.5: This has support for modules in ES6. It enhanced the functionality for importing and exporting different modules.

Version 1.6: 1.5 version came with the support for JSX. This is nothing but the javascript-XML. JSX at the end gets compiled to javascript only. It came up with a new extension that is .tsx which embeds jsx. And it also introduced as an operator to rename importing.

Version 1.7: This gave support for Asynchronous programming with Async-Await and Promises which are very important to the latest programming practices in ES6.

Version 1.8: This allows for the reference type parameter from the same parameter list. This solved many problems,

Version 2.0: In this version use of null and undefined data types got some weight age to assign the values at a particular scenario. Previously it was difficult to identify the errors with null and undefined.

Version 2.1: This gives us the ability to make some keys optional. The key and Lookup types have been enhanced in this version.

Version 2.2: This version gives us the ability to use mixin classes of ES6 and mixin constructor type. It also supports the spread operator in JSX expression.

Version 2.3: This supports the ES6 features like generators and Iterator. Previously these features only supported by ES6 and later versions but not from this version we can use it here.

Version 2.4: In this version we got the functionality to import any library or module in the program anywhere when needed. This also called Dynamic Import Expressions. This also introduces string initializes for enum.

Version 2.5: This introduces to optional catch statement and type assertions with the syntax /** @type {…} */. Also, this version allowed us to get in the new updated version of packages without duplicating it with redirecting packages to a newer version.

Version 2.6: It introduces the –watch flag to mark the changes. It has a strict function type flag for checking the type of functions strictly. It only ignores the methods inside the constructor or in any method.

Version 2.7: This version allowed us to declare properties with the const keyword. Ex: const Abc = “123”. This also introduced a new flag called – strictPropertyInitialization. This used to initialize each property in the constructor of the class. It also has a Pretty flag to make error messages more readable.

Version 2.8: It introduces conditional types. You can see it as a ternary operator. Which works like if chúng tôi statements. Syntax: T extends U ? X : Y

Version 2.9: It adds support for number and symbol named properties in the index and mapped types. Before it was supported for string only.

Version 3.0: This version allows us to split the project into smaller projects with the help of project references. It gives a new flag –build. –build flag runs faster builds for the project. It also supports for Tuples in spread expressions and rests parameters.

Version 3.1: This simplifies the version controversy with the new field in chúng tôi file. Which looks like below:

Version 3.2: It introduces –strictBindCallApply flag. This gives us access to methods like call apply and bind. It also has –showConfig. Which refreshes the chúng tôi file.

Version 3.3: It reduces the 50 to 70% of total build time with the flag –builds and –watch. Which helps to build the required files. This also introduced better behavior for calling union types.

Version 3.4: This gave us the –incremental flag for the fast build process of an application. It catches up with the changes and builds accordingly. For that, we need field incremental as true in the chúng tôi file.

Version 3.5: The minor changes happened here so far as improvements in – incremental flag. Good optimization has been achieved through builds and type checks. This also introduces the Omit helper type which removes a property from the original definition.

Version 3.6: This version improved on typechecking with generators. Earlier we were not able to recognize that the value is return by generator or yielded. But now we can check the correct type of it. This also supports greatly for Unicode characters. It also has a smarter auto-import syntax.

Version 3.7: This is the latest release. This version introduces some breaking changes such as function truthy checks, API changes. Optional chaining was an issue. Do we make use of it? operator for this. ? operator makes property optional access. It also has a nullish coalescing operator(??) like optional chaining. Also, the use of asset function has been improved.

Conclusion

Typescript earlier has many issues while working with it. Now the latest version came with most of the bug fixes. If you want to go deep then you can always follow the documentation for its official sites.

Here’s The Complete List Of Windows 10 Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows is known not only for its productivity features but also for offering a wide variety of keyboard shortcuts that can help you to get the work done faster. Now that Windows 10 is running on millions of PCs around the world with tons of new features and changes, it also means that we have to get ready to memorize a number of new keyboard shortcuts to get the most out of the new desktop operating system.

Lucky for you, Microsoft has just released a new easy to follow and printable Word document cheat sheet with a list of every keyboard shortcuts you can use in the desktop version of Windows 10.

You can view every shortcut in the table below or you can conveniently download the chúng tôi document that you can print and have it available next to you at all times.

ShortcutDescription

Windows KeyOpen and close the Start menu

Windows Key + 1, Windows Key + 2, etc.Switch to the desktop and launch the nth application in the taskbar. For example, Windows +1 launches whichever application is first in the list, numbered from left to right.

Windows Key + AOpen the action center.

Windows Key + BHighlight the notification area.

Windows Key + CLaunch Cortana into listening mode. Users can begin to speak to Cortana immediately.

Windows Key + DSwitch between Show Desktop (hides/shows any applications and other windows) and the previous state.

Windows Key + ESwitch to the desktop and launch File Explorer with the Quick Access tab displayed.

Windows Key + HOpen the Share charm.

Windows Key + IOpen the Settings app.

Windows Key + KOpen the Connect pane to connect to wireless displays and audio devices.

Windows Key + LLock the device and go to the Lock screen.

Windows Key + MSwitch to the desktop and minimize all open windows.

Windows Key + OLock device orientation.

Windows Key + POpen the Project pane to search and connect to external displays and projectors.

Windows Key + RDisplay the Run dialog box.

Windows Key + SLaunch Cortana. Users can begin to type a query immediately.

Windows Key + TCycle through the apps on the taskbar.

Windows Key + ULaunch the Ease of Access Center.

Windows Key + VCycle through notifications.

Windows Key + ZOpen the app-specific command bar.

Windows Key + ENTERLaunch Narrator.

Windows Key + SPACEBARSwitch input language and keyboard layout.

Windows Key + TABOpen Task view.

Windows Key + ,Peek at the desktop.

Windows Key + PLUS SIGNZoom in.

Windows Key + MINUS SIGNZoom out.

Windows Key + ESCAPEClose Magnifier.

Windows Key + LEFT ARROWDock the active window to the left half of the monitor.

Windows Key + RIGHT ARROWDock the active window to the right half of the monitor.

Windows Key + DOWN ARROWRestore or minimize the active window.

Windows Key + SHIFT + UP ARROWMaximize the active window vertically, maintaining the current width.

Windows Key + SHIFT + DOWN ARROWRestore or minimize the active window vertically, maintaining the current width.

Windows Key + SHIFT + LEFT ARROWWith multiple monitors, move the active window to the monitor on the left.

Windows Key + SHIFT + RIGHT ARROWWith multiple monitors, move the active window to the monitor on the right.

Windows Key + HOMEMinimize all nonactive windows; restore on second keystroke.

Windows Key +CTRL+LEFT/RIGHT ARROWSwitch to the next or previous virtual desktop.

Windows Key + CTRL + DCreate a new virtual desktop.

Windows Key + CTRL + F4Close the current virtual desktop.

Windows Key + ?Launch the Windows Feedback App.

Source Microsoft via Twitter

List Of Microsoft Apps Available For Android

When you think about Microsoft, the first thing that comes to your mind is maybe Windows and Office. But the company has been working hard to gain popularity on other platforms like Android and iOS. In this post, we’ve listed the applications developed by Microsoft for Android.

Microsoft Apps for Android

As of date, there are 96 apps that Microsoft has developed for the Android platform. Some of them have been listed below:

Microsoft Apps: A hub to view and download all other Android applications released by Microsoft.

Arrow Launcher: A productivity-focused free launcher application with a beautiful design.

Microsoft Word: This application lets you view, edit and create new Word documents. It has a beautiful interface and is Microsoft’s most widely used Android application.

Microsoft PowerPoint: Create, Edit, and View PPTs on the go with this application.

Microsoft Outlook is an official Microsoft-backed email client that works with all major email providers.

Skype for Business: Extends the functionality of Lync and Skype for your business accounts.

Microsoft Office Mobile: Office application for Android OS before version 4.4.

Microsoft OneDrive: Android client to view, upload and modify your files from your OneDrive storage account.

Cortana for Android(Early-Access): This application brings Microsoft’s digital assistant Cortana to Android devices.

Office Lens: A document scanning utility that links with your Microsoft Account.

OneNote: Part of the office suite, a note-taking application linked to your Microsoft account so that you can work anywhere.

Intune Company Portal: Mobile client for installing company apps and remotely managing the device enrolled to Microsoft Intune.

Microsoft Bing Search: The Bing search engine client for Android devices. Works with voice commands and quick actions.

OWA for Android(Pre-Release): Email client for mailboxes on Office 365 for Business.

Next Lock Screen: A lock screen application intended to save time and quickly take actions through the lock screen.

Microsoft Translator: Translates text, voice, and images into more than 60 languages on your phone.

Microsoft Hyperlapse Mobile: Create stunning time-lapse videos easily.

Microsoft Authenticator: A helper Android application to facilitate two-step authentication.

Microsoft Remote Desktop: Remotely access your Windows computers from anywhere.

Kaizala: One of Microsoft’s garage projects. It is a beautiful group and individual chat application that focuses on productivity.

MSN Money: Get stock quotes, prices, market data, and news from MSN.

Xbox: Connect with your Xbox friends and see what they are playing. A complete application for the Xbox community.

Age of Empires: Castle Siege: A fun strategy game where you can create your kingdom and defeat your enemies.

Lync 2010: Mobile client for Lync Server.

Microsoft To-Do: A great cross-platform cloud-based task manager linked to your Microsoft Account.

Face Swap: A fun application lets you swap your face with other people.

Microsoft Teams: A chat-centered productivity application for companies using Office 365.

Microsoft Solitaire Collection: Bring the world’s #1 classic solitaire game back to your Android device.

MSN Weather: A weather application to view daily weather forecasts and other conditions.

SMS Organizer: A smart SMS inbox decluttering tool. Comes with features like SMS reminders and more.

Wordament: A free online fun word game that can be played with friends and other people online.

MSN News: Read breaking news and stories from around the world provided by MSN.

Keyboard for Excel: A garage project that provides an awesome keyboard to enter numeric and other data into an Excel application.

Microsoft Selfie: An intelligent selfie image enhancement tool available on all platforms.

Picturesque Lock Screen: Another lock screen app provides notifications, contacts, and Bing images right on your lock screen.

Xbox 360 SmartGlass: An Xbox 360 companion application that lets you control your console using your mobile.

Switch to Windows: An application that lets you transfer contacts and other data if you move to Windows Phone.

Microsoft SharePoint: Connect to your Office 365 SharePoint websites using this app.

Office 365 Admin: An account manager of Office 365 administrator accounts.

Intune Managed

Microsoft Planner: A free task manager and teamwork organizer for Office 365 users.

Office Remote: Turn your phone into a wireless remote that can control Microsoft Office on your computer.

Microsoft Power BI: Monitor and access your business data anywhere and interact with your Power BI dashboards.

Outlook Group: Collaborate with your team and do more with your Office 365 work or school account.

Xbox Beta: The public beta release of the upcoming Xbox app with new functionality.

Xbox One SmartGlass: This app allows users to gain remote access to their Xbox One.

Microsoft Azure: Manage your Azure account from anywhere. Monitor resources and resolve issues in no time.

Dynamics 365: Provides professionals with the best tools for engaging customers and maintaining their data.

Microsoft Remote Desktop Beta: Remotely manage your Windows Computers.

My Apps: Connect to the apps you already use at work or school.

Microsoft Channel 9: Browse and watch various developer videos from the MSDN’s Channel 9 website.

Microsoft Flow: Automate Tasks and design your workflows to do more.

Azure Information Protection: Let’s view protected files that other people have shared with you.

Mimicker Alarm: Another Garage Project app, an alarm clock application that wakes you up by playing a small game.

Office Delve for Office 365: Connect with your workmate and see what they are working on across Office 365.

MSN Sport: Get sports news, score, and watch sports-related videos provided by MSN.

PowerApps: For business users, get the custom apps shared with you.

Bing Ads: Monitor and edit your Bing ad campaigns directly from your phone.

Dynamics CRM: Manage customer information and prepare well for your appointments.

Snap Attacks: A fast-paced word-building game that can be played online.

Microsoft Classroom: For Office 365 Education users, this app helps you manage your assignments and notes easily.

Microsoft Wi-Fi: A Wi-Fi companion application for people visiting Seattle Center.

Sprightly: Scan documents, and create professional catalogs and videos for your business.

O365 Message Encryption Viewer: View and reply to encrypted OME messages from your phone.

Microsoft IT Showcase:

Clip Layer: A garage project application lets you select, copy and save snippets from any screen.

Microsoft Startup Directory: Learn and connect with startups that Microsoft is currently working with.

Citizen Next: An application attempt to make submitting problems to municipal corporations easier.

Send: It is an email client that acts as a messenger client

Microsoft Tech: Get updates and news about the latest Microsoft technology and events.

News Pro: Get in-depth news curated to your interests.

Microsoft StaffHub: Manage your staff and schedule shifts easily.

Microsoft IT Showcase: Read about the technology used inside Microsoft.

Hub Keyboard: This keyboard brings information from different services to your fingertips.

The list is pretty extensive, and most applications are pretty helpful. Some are garage projects, and some are in the beta stage. We have not covered a few not-so-popular applications, so you may want to check out the Play Store for a complete list of applications.

Can you run Android apps on Windows?

One way to use the Android apps on Windows is using the Phone Link App, but it is limited to a few devices. The second way is to use Windows Insider and install the files available on Amazon Store. It is still in the development stage but works.

Can Windows 10 run Google apps?

Microsoft has no direct support to run the Google or Android apps on Windows, but you can use an emulator to experience it. However, since they are not officially supported and run on the emulator, the experience can differ.

How Settimeout Works In Typescript?

Introduction to setTimeout TypeScript

The setTimeout TypeScript is defined as a method used in the TypeScript programming language. Before we know the usability of the function, it is important to know that TypeScript is an open-source language which is built on top of JavaScript and adds in static type definitions. TypeScript allows a methodology to generate types and is mostly used for designing large applications, and it gets transcompiled into JavaScript. Transcompilation is a source code conversion from one language to another language and is more of a source to source compiler. Now with all this information, we can fairly assume that an existing JavaScript code is a TypeScript code. Because of the Transcompilation feature, setTimeout is one of the functions for JavaScript that enables the scheduling and execution of a function.

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Given below is the syntax mentioned:

1. Declaration of settimeout function.

Here, argument 1, argument 2 … are the string arguments that will be passed on to the functions as their arguments to be executed completely.

2. Assigning the timeout to a variable.

3. Cancelling the execution of settimeout.

4. Alert function in JavaScript.

5. Beware: NOT the correct settimeout call.

A lot generally writes this statement of novice developers, and hence this syntax finds its place in this list so as to make developers aware of what is right and what is wrong.

How setTimeout Works in TypeScript?

From the introduction, we got to know that settimeout is a function that is a part of JavaScript, and since typescript is like a wrapper over JavaScript, the function settimeout written in typescript will automatically be transcompiled into JavaScript and hence be compiled by referencing it with the settimeout function in the JavaScript itself. This function allows a JavaScript code to run at a point in time in future, and it is more like “scheduling a call”. One can resonate it to an alarm that is scheduled to remind one of a task. This task is like a one-off task and needs to be reminded only once. One example of the same is like a meeting request in our outlook calendars, and then an alarm comes up for the meeting, and once the meeting is over, the notification doesn’t come up as the meeting is now removed from the calendar. In this case, we see that the meeting is not a recurrence meeting, and hence the notification goes away after the meeting.

Just for extra information, another function known as setInterval allows the running of a set of lines of codes or function repeatedly until the command is explicitly asked to Stop.

Examples of setTimeout TypeScript

Given below are the examples of setTimeout TypeScript:

Example #1

Waiting for 3 s to execute a function without argument.

function HelloWorld() { alert('Hello to the world of EduCBA'); } console.log("1. Start of the code; Will execute the timeout"); setTimeout(HelloWorld, 3000); console.log("Before the pop-up this log will be displayed");

Output:

When we run the following code, the second log is displayed even before the pop-up comes; as we mentioned in our explanation that the execution doesn’t stop. Thus, after exactly 3 seconds post the execution of the first log statement, the pop-up at the top will appear.

Example #2

Waiting for 1 s to execute a function with arguments.

Syntax:

function HelloWorld(msg: string, website: string) { alert(msg + '@' + website); } console.log("1. Start of the code; Will execute the timeout"); console.log("Before the pop-up this log will be displayed");

Output:

We see that the 2 arguments passed after the function name and the timeout seconds are passe to the function, and then necessary treatment is done and finally printed in the pop-up.

Example #3

Deliberate error upon execution of a script by passing the function name with ( ).

Syntax:

function HelloWorld() { alert("Welcome all to EduCBA"); } console.log("1. Start of the code; Will execute the timeout"); setTimeout(HelloWorld(), 1000); console.log("Before the pop-up this log will be displayed");

Output:

Conclusion

In this article, we looked at all the various varieties of function passes through the settimeout function, one without the parameter, one with the parameters and finally, one which many beginner-level developers make the mistake of having a complete picture of the function.

Boxing And Unboxing In Typescript

The idea of boxing and unboxing is crucial to TypeScript. A value type in TypeScript is automatically converted into a reference type using a process known as boxing. In other words, boxing refers to transforming a value type into a reference type, and unboxing refers to transforming a reference type into a value type. These are two techniques used in TypeScript to convert a value type to an object type.

Boxing is the process of wrapping a value type in an object type. In contrast, unboxing is the process of unwrapping an object type back to a value type. The two techniques improve code performance by reducing the amount of memory allocated each time a value type is cast to an object type.

Boxing and Unboxing in TypeScript refer to the way primitive values are handled when they are passed to or returned from functions. When a primitive value is passed to a function, it is boxed, meaning it is converted to an object. When the value is returned from the function, the object is unboxed, and the primitive value is returned. This process is necessary because primitive values are not object-oriented and must be converted for a function to manipulate them. Boxing and unboxing can improve performance and memory usage in TypeScript applications.

Let us now explain both topics one by one in detail.

Boxing in TypeScript

Boxing in TypeScript refers to converting a value of a primitive data type (e.g., number, string, boolean) into an object of the corresponding wrapper class. TypeScript has built-in wrapper classes for the primitive data types, such as Number, String, and Boolean. These wrapper classes provide useful methods and properties that can be used to manipulate the corresponding primitive data types. For example, the Number wrapper class has methods such as toFixed(), toString(), and valueOf(). Boxing is an important concept in TypeScript, as it allows for using methods on primitive data types that would not otherwise be available.

Syntax let variable_name: number = 12345 let boxing_variable_name: Object = variable_name

In the above syntax, we can see the value of variable_name variable of type number is converted to an object type variable in the process of boxing.

Example

In this example, we perform a boxing operation. We declare a class named BoxingClass and declare two variables. One is the number, and the other is an object-type variable. We declare a method named boxingMethod(), where we perform the boxing operations. And finally, we console log the my_object variable’s value.

class BoxingClass { my_number: number = 123 my_object: Object boxingMethod() { this.my_object = this.my_number console.log('Boxing Occurs for my_object variable') } } let boxing_object = new BoxingClass() boxing_object.boxingMethod() console.log('my_object value: ', boxing_object.my_object)

On compiling, it will generate the following JavaScript code −

The above code will produce the following output −

Boxing Occurs for my_object variable my_object value: 123 Unboxing in TypeScript

Unboxing in TypeScript converts a value with a compound data type (object, array, tuple, union, etc.) into a simpler data type (string, number, boolean, etc.). It is similar to “unboxing” in other programming languages, where a value of a particular type (like an object) is converted into a simpler type, such as a string or number.

Syntax let variable_name: number = 12345 let boxing_variable_name: Object = variable_name

In the above syntax, we can see the value of variable_name variable of type number is converted to an object type variable in the process of boxing and then converted back to a number using unboxing.

Example

In this example, we perform both boxing and unboxing operations. We declare a class named BoxingUnboxingClass and declare three variables: two are the number, and another is an object type variable. Firstly, we perform the boxing process using the boxingMethod(), and then we perform the unboxing using the unboxingMethod(). And finally, we console log the variable’s value.

class BoxingUnboxingClass { my_number: number = 123 boxing_variable: Object unboxing_variable: number boxingMethod() { this.boxing_variable = this.my_number console.log('Boxing Occurs!') } unboxingMethod() { console.log('Unboxing Occurs!') } } let boxing_unboxing_object = new BoxingUnboxingClass() boxing_unboxing_object.boxingMethod() boxing_unboxing_object.unboxingMethod() console.log('boxing_variable value: ', boxing_unboxing_object.boxing_variable) console.log( 'unboxing_variable value: ', boxing_unboxing_object.unboxing_variable )

On compiling, it will generate the following JavaScript code −

The above code will produce the following output −

Boxing Occurs! Unboxing Occurs! boxing_variable value: 123 unboxing_variable value: 123

In summary, boxing and unboxing in TypeScript refer to the way primitive values are handled when they are passed to or returned from functions. Boxing converts a primitive value type into an object type, while unboxing is the reverse process of converting an object type back into a primitive value type. These techniques improve code performance by reducing the amount of memory allocated each time a value type is cast to an object type. In TypeScript, boxing is done by assigning a primitive value to an object variable, and unboxing is done using type assertion syntax (angle brackets) to specify the type of the value to be unboxed. It is important to note that the primitive value’s memory is allocated on the stack, and the object value’s memory is allocated on the heap.

Learn The List Of Coreldraw Viewer

Introduction to CorelDraw Viewer

A CorelDraw Viewer is a program that helps the user to view the CorelDraw files without having to download the CorelDraw software. CorelDraw is a vector software that creates a specific file Extension .CDR.

.CDR is a file extension that cannot be viewed or opened on every software, just like the JPG format. To view the files with this extension, the user needs a definite program that helps them to do the same.

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List of CorelDraw Viewer

Some of the programs that help the user to view or edit .CDR files are finite but are either downloadable freeware programs or are available online instantly.

1. Imagine

This is a freeware program available in the market. The users can easily download the software and use it to view .CDR files. In addition, this program can create animations and batch sequence images as well. It is a useful program for graphic designers who are looking for open-source software. Following are the steps to view .CDR files:-

Download and install the software.

Open the software

Select the source folder where the .CDR file is saved to view the same

2. Inkscape

This program was created by SODIPODI developers. INKSCAPE is the successor of the Sodipodi program. This program is a vector graphics program, and it creates files in .SVG format (Scalable Vector Graphics). Other vector file formats such as .CDR can be viewed and edit within the software. The program proves to be functional and user-friendly. It has multiple features and can easily be used to create vector artworks.

Following are the steps to view .CDR files in the software:-

Download and install the program from the internet.

Open the CDR file. The program is also capable of modifying the artwork easily.

3. Irfan View

Following are the steps to view .CDR files in the software:-

Download and install the program from the internet.

Open the program

Select the CDR file that needs to be viewed

4. LibreOffice

To view a .CDR file, the user either needs CorelDraw Viewer or may convert the same file extension to other file formats. In this way, the user can view a .CDR file on any software.

One of the programs that help the user to convert the .CDR files to any other file format is Bit Recover CDR CONVERTER WIZARD.

Following are the steps through which the user can covert the .CDR files to any other file format.

Download and install Bit Recover CDR Converter wizard from the internet

Select the .CDR Files that you need to convert.

Select the File extension you need to convert the .CDR files to

Select the destination folder in which the files needs to be saved

This program will help the user to convert the existing .CDR files to any other file format. With the program .CDR files can also be viewed in Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Illustrator programs.

Conclusion

To view CorelDraw files, the user can use some of the methods that are listed above. Since CorelDraw is a paid and expensive program, not every user can afford to purchase the software. In such a case, the user can use the open-source freeware programs to view or edit graphic artworks as per their requirements.

Furthermore, these open-source programs can only be used for viewing and simple editing. For complex and detailed modifications, the user will have to purchase CorelDraw software.