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Introduction to HTML5 Tags

We all know the standard abbreviation of HTML, which is HyperText Markup Language. So, HTML5 is the latest and the new version of HTML. Once a product is developed; obviously, there would be many versions of HTML with many new developments along the way. So, HTML5 has new attributes and behaviors. This HTML5 tag is not a programming language anymore, but it is a mark-up language. Now, what is a mark-up language? Defining elements attributes using tags in a document is a Mark-up language. Now, let’s get into detail about how we can define tags and create a web page.

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Tags of HTML5

In HTML5, we can generally divide the tags into two categories.

The tags discussed below are those which are newly introduced exclusively in HTML5 versions. They are different types of tags that all can be categorized.

1. Structural Tags

Below are the types of structural tag with examples:

a. Article: This is a tag that is mostly used similar to a head tag. Majorly used in forms, blogs, news story and all as examples.

Code:

Output:

b. Aside: Something similar to our normal tags, which would relate the content to the surrounding contents, like a sidebar in the article. And this tag would only make sense when using an IE version above 8.

c. Details: This tag is used to provide some additional data to the user. This can be an interactive platform that can hide or show the details. We can get to see the usage of this tab under the summary tag.

d. Header: This tag is related to the header part and contains title information. It has to have both the start and end tags.

Output:

e. hgroup: This tag is used in describing a group of headers. Let’s look at the example.

Code:

Output:

f. Footer: This tag is that, which is to be placed at the end of the page. It deals with something like copyright, history-related information or data. Let us see a small example below.

Code:

Output:

g. nav: This tag is for providing a section of all the links for navigation.

Code:

Output:

h. Section: As the name already denotes, this tag defines the part of the code like the body, header, footer, etc. Here, both the start and end tags are necessary. Let us see a small example below:

Code:

Output:

i. Summary: This tag is used in parallel with the details tab. Under the details tag, we have this summary tag to summarize the concepts. Example below:

Code:

Output:

Now expanding the summary tag data, we get the below.

2. Form Tags

Here are the different types of form tag explained below with examples:

a. Datalist: This tag is used like a drop-down that has pre-defined values for a user to choose. Let us have a look at the small example below:

Code:

Output:

The drop-down pops up when the mouse has hovered over.

b. Keygen: This is for the encryption. It is for generating an encrypted key for passing the data in an encrypted format. Only the start tag is enough/required for this element, and the end tag is not mandatory.

c. Meter: This tag would give us the measurement of the data which is present in a given range.

Code:

Output:

3. Formatting Tags

a. BDI: This is Bi-directional isolation. As the name already suggests, this tag can be used to isolate a part of the text and give it different styles from that of other text.

b. Mark: This tag can help us highlight a specific text.

Code:

Output:

c. Output: As the name already shows us, it gives the result of any calculation.

Code:

Output:

Make sure that you notice the form attribute of oninput. Once you input the attribute ‘x’ value, then the output gets displayed.

d. Progress: This tag gives us the progress of a particular task.

Code:

Output:

e. Rp: This is used when the ruby tags are not supported.

f. Rt: It is used with the tag ruby. Mostly this is used in pronunciation in both Japanese and Chinese languages.

g. Ruby: This tag is used with the rt and rp tags where the annotations with respect to the two languages, Chinese and Japanese, are pronounced.

h. Wbr: This tag is for the word break. It is mainly used to check how a word breaks when the window size is resized.

4. Embedded Content Tags

Here are the types of embedded content tag explained below with examples:

a. Audio: As the name already suggests, this tag would help us to incorporate audio files in the HTML document.

b. Canvas: Defines a place on the web page where graphics or shapes, or graphs are present or can be defined. Here is an example.

Code:

window.onload = function(){ var can = document.getElementById(“run”); var context = can.getContext(“2d”); context.moveTo(30, 60); context.lineTo(150, 30); context.stroke(); };

Output:

c. Dialog: This tag gives us a default box, especially if we wanted to have data in a box.

Code:

d. Embed: This tag can be used for getting in any external file to the HTML file. We can have only the start tag, and the end tag is not mandatory here. There are different attributes that can be used with this tag, namely, width, height, src, and type.

e. Figure and Figcaption: This, as already in its name, can incorporate the images and can give a caption to that image.

f. Source: This tag can implement multiple audio and video files by providing the location of the files using this source tag.

g. Time: This tag, as the name already notifies, is a tag for displaying the time. And note that this tag is not functional in the cases of internet explorer version 8 and below.

h. Video: With the name of the tag, we can obviously get to know where this tag is used. For specifying the video files, we have this tag. Inside this Audio/Video tags, we define the source tags in specifying the files and their locations.

Input Elements of HTML5 Tags

Here are some input elements which we are using in HTML5 tags:

1. Email: This is one of the input elements in HTML5. This element takes in only email addresses as the input.

2. Number: This input element only accepts the number.

3. Range: As the name already explains, this tag contains a range of numbers.

4. URL: This input tag accepts the input field for the URL address. In this input type, we can only enter the URL.

5. Placeholder: This is one of the attributes for the input type as text or text area or any number. This place holder value shows the value to be given as the input.

Code:

Enter Date of birth : <input type = “text” name = “dob”

Output:

6. Autofocus: This attribute automatically focuses on a particular field where this element has been declared inside the input tag. This attribute is supported only by the latest versions of Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla only. The syntax is like this:

Output:

In this HTML5, we even have an opportunity to get the GeoLocation of a device. There are different methods that can be helpful in making this location tagging easy. There are also different fonts and colors available in HTML5. Below are the few tags that are removed from the HTML usage from this HTML5 version.

Acronym, Applet, big, dir, font, frameset, center, tt (TeleType text), basefont, center, strike, frame, u (underlined text), isindex, noframes, etc. Few attributes that are removed are below:

Align, bgcolor, cellpadding, cellspacing, border, link, shape, charset, archive, codebase, scope, alink, vlink, link, background, border, clear, scrolling, size, width, etc.

Conclusion

So, yes, there are the basic tags and references for HTML5. The initial version of HTML5 was released on 28th October 2014. We have seen different new tags that were introduced and had gone through a few attributes in HTML5. In the end, we had even covered that not only the introduction of new elements was done, but some elements and attributes that were present were restricted from use through this new release of HTML5.

There were many attributes that were given with examples and some with only the data and the purpose of the attribute or elements. Try practicing all those different elements and attributes and keep learning.

How To Blend Elements In Css?

Introduction

Blending elements in CSS is a technique used to create interesting visual effects and enhance the design of a web page. With the mix-blend-mode property in CSS, you can control how an element blends with the content below it. In this article, we’ll explore how to use mix-blend mode to blend elements in CSS.

Understanding Mix-Blend-Mode

mix-blend-mode is a CSS property that allows you to set the blending mode for an element. Blending modes determine how two elements blend together, with different modes producing different visual effects.

By default, an element in CSS will have a blending mode of normal, which means that it will display normally on top of other content. But with mix-blend mode, you can set a different blending mode for an element, and it will blend with the content beneath it in a specific way.

There are a variety of blending modes available, each producing a unique effect. Here’s an overview of some of the most commonly used blending modes −

Normal − The default blending mode, which displays the element normally on top of other content

Multiply − Darkens the content beneath the element

Screen − Lightens the content beneath the element

Overlay − Produces a combination of multiply and screen effects

Color-dodge − Brightens the content beneath the element

Color-burn − Darkens the content beneath the element

Hard-light − Produces a combination of multiply and screen effects based on the brightness of the underlying content

Soft-light − Produces a similar effect to shining a diffused light on the content beneath the element

Difference − Produces an effect that highlights the differences between the element and the content beneath it

Exclusion − Produces a similar effect to difference, but with less contrast

Applying Mix-Blend-Mode

To apply mix-blend-mode to an element in CSS, you simply need to set the property to the desired blending mode. Here’s an example −

.blended-element { mix-blend-mode: multiply; }

This code set the blending mode of the .blended-element class to multiply. This means that any content beneath this element will be darkened.

You can also apply mix-blend-mode to the background of an element using the background-blend-mode property. This allows you to create interesting effects with background images and other elements on the page.

.background-element { background-image: url('background-image.jpg'); background-blend-mode: screen; }

The code set the background image of the .background-element class to chúng tôi and set the background-blend-mode to screen. This means that the background image will be lightened, producing a brightening effect.

Example

.blended-element { background-color: #ff00ff; mix-blend-mode: multiply; width: 300px; height: 200px; } .background-element { background-image: url(‘background-image.jpg’); background-size: cover; background-blend-mode: screen; width: 100%; height: 500px; }

Explanation

In this example, we have created two div elements. The first div has a class of blended-element and is using mix-blend-mode: multiply; to darken the content beneath it. The second div has a class of background-element and is using background-blend-mode: screen; to lighten the background image.

We have also added some basic styling to the elements using CSS. The .blended-element has a pink background color, while the .background-element has a background image and is set to cover the full width and height of the page.

We will strongly recommend the readers to try all the blending modes mentioned to have more understanding of the topic.

Tips and Considerations

When using mix-blend-mode, there are a few tips and considerations to keep in mind −

Be mindful of the impact of blending modes on text content. Blending modes can make text difficult to read, so it’s important to test the effect on text content before implementing it on a live site.

Not all blending modes are supported by all browsers. Check browser compatibility before using a specific blending mode.

Be sure to test mix-blend-mode in different contexts to ensure that it produces the desired effect.

Consider using background-blend-mode in addition to mix-blend-mode to create complex visual effects.

In conclusion, mix-blend-mode is a powerful tool for creating interesting visual effects in CSS. With a variety of blending modes available, you

Conclusion

This article explains how to blend elements in CSS using the mix-blend-mode property. The article provides an overview of blending modes and their effects and explains how to apply the mix-blend-mode property to HTML elements and backgrounds.

Searching Elements In Vector Using Index In Java

Vectors implement the List interface and are used to create dynamic arrays. The array whose size is not fixed and can grow as per our needs is called as a dynamic array. The vectors are very similar to ArrayList in terms of use and features.

In this article, we will learn how we can create a vector and search for a particular element by its index in Java. Let’s discuss Vector first.

Vector

Although vector is similar to ArrayList in many ways, there exist some differences too. The Vector class is synchronized and several legacy methods are contained by it.

Legacy Class − Before the release of Java version 1.2 when the Collection Framework was not introduced, there were some classes that depicts the features of this framework’s classes and were used in the place of those classes. For example, Vector, Dictionary, and Stack. With JDK 5, Java creators reengineered Vectors and made them fully compatible with Collections.

We use the following syntax to create a Vector.

Syntax

Here, in TypeOfCollection specify the data type of the elements that will be stored in collection. In nameOfCollection give suitable to your collection.

Program to Search elements in Vector by its Index indexOf()

To search for an element in Vector by its index we can use this method. There exist two ways of using the ‘indexOf()’ method −

indexOf(nameOfObject) − It takes an object as an argument and returns its integer value of index. If the object does not belong to the specified collection, it simply returns -1.

indexOf(nameOfObject, index) − It takes two arguments one is an object and the other is an index. It will start searching for the object from specified index value.

Example 1

In the following example, we will define a vector named ‘vectlist’ and store a few objects in it by using the ‘add()’ method. Then, using indexOf() method with single argument, we will search for the element.

import java.util.*; public class VectClass { public static void main(String args[]) { vectList.add("Tutorix"); vectList.add("Simply"); vectList.add("Easy"); vectList.add("Learning"); vectList.add("Tutorials"); vectList.add("Point"); int indexValue = vectList.indexOf("Tutorials"); System.out.println("Index of the specified element in list: " + indexValue); } } Output Index of the specified element in list: 4 Example 2

The following example demonstrates if the element is not available in the collection then ‘indexOf()’ returns -1.

import java.util.*; public class VectClass { public static void main(String args[]) { vectList.add("Tutorix"); vectList.add("Simply"); vectList.add("Easy"); vectList.add("Learning"); vectList.add("Tutorials"); vectList.add("Point"); int indexValue = vectList.indexOf("Tutorialspoint"); System.out.println("Index of the specified element in list: " + indexValue); } } Output Index of the specified element in list: -1 Example 3

The following example illustrates the use of ‘indexOf()’ with two arguments. The compiler will start searching for the given element from index 3.

import java.util.*; public class VectClass { public static void main(String args[]) { vectList.add("Tutorix"); vectList.add("Simply"); vectList.add("Easy"); vectList.add("Learning"); vectList.add("Tutorials"); vectList.add("Point"); vectList.add("Easy"); vectList.add("Learning"); int indexValue = vectList.indexOf("Easy", 3); System.out.println("Index of the specified element in list: " + indexValue); } } Output Index of the specified element in list: 6 Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed a few examples that show the usefulness of the indexOf() method while searching for a particular element in a Vector. We also learned about Vector in Java.

Catecoin Introduced Decentralized P2P Escrow System Descrow.com

Escrow is a financial process used when two parties take part in a transaction and there is uncertainty about the fulfilment of their obligations. Escrows are primarily used to make sure that each party fulfils their commitments. It might be thought of as the transaction’s middleman. It states that only when all of the requirements of the transaction have been fulfilled will assets be transferred.

An escrow agreement allows a third party to keep the assets of a transaction for a certain period of time. The property is held in a third-party account and is only released if the contract’s conditions have been satisfied. Both parties are more secure when an escrow account is used in a transaction.

What Is A Decentralized Web3 Escrow System?

Cryptocurrency escrow is often referred to as a form of decentralized finance (Defi).One of the major areas of investment in the Web 3.0 space is in the development of decentralised financial systems (Defi). This area in the Web3 economy focuses on providing platforms for securely moving money from one destination to the other at a lightning speed.

A decentralized escrow is a separate system that minimises or eliminates the requirement for human contact. There are now more online transactions than ever because of the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies and e-commerce. The vast majority of these transactions occur between parties who have never met before, necessitating the use of dependable intermediary services to help speed up the process.

Escrow protects buyers from fraudulent sellers by requiring the crypto tokens to be deposited up front, before any money changes hands. In the event of a dispute, the escrow service will act as the arbitrator and determine who should ultimately receive the funds.

How is Decentralized Web3 Escrow System Works?

Decentralised escrow works using smart contract, in all escrow settlement procedures, both the buyer and the seller have responsibilities. Buyer deposits funds in contract and escrow is formed by inputting the seller’s email address and Erc20 or Bep20 payment chúng tôi the same wallet, the seller logs in and initiates delivery procedure. Once the buyer approves the transaction, the fund is released to the seller from the escrow account. The company managing the escrow account generally takes a fee for performing the third-party service.

In conventional finance, this third party must be a dependable person or entity, such a bank; however, with DeFi, it is a smart contract.

We will build a simple escrow protocol that holds funds until a specified duration has passed. The smart contract will also store all of the escrowed funds.

Benefits

-You can keep the money you transfer and receive safe and secure by using a crypto escrow wallet.

-You may safeguard yourself from fraudsters, unlawful transactions, and other problems by using this service

-The escrow crypto account can be locked up if either party is not being honest.

-Benefit of using a escrow wallet is that it allows you to separate payments into phases

Benefit of using Catecoin escrow wallets is that they allow you to cancel a transaction without penalty.

-The process of depositing cryptocurrency into an escrow wallet is simple.

Who will make use of decentralised escrow?

Learn Latest Versions Of Pytorch

Introduction to PyTorch Versions

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Different Versions of PyTorch

Here we discuss the different versions of Pytorch released with the system configuration required and mainly focus on current stable release v1.3 as this is the one used in market and research community currently:

1. Old Version – PyTorch Versions < 1.0.0

In the very first release of PyTorch, Facebook combined Python and Torch libraries to create an open-source framework that can also be operated on CUDA and Nvidia GPU. PyTorch mainly uses Tensors (torch.Tensors) to store and operate on the Multi-Dimensional array. PyTorch released the first version as 0.1.12 in public. 0.4 version was one of the most significant released version with core changes.

In PyTorch v0.4 version has added the support for Windows, added features to support the use of RNN in ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange). It has C++/Cuda extensions for user’s use. Also in 0.4 version provide support for writing device-agnostic code. Tensors and variables have been merged in the 0.4 release as well as operations can return 0-Dimensional tensors. To install all the old version through conda or mini conda use below commands:

In the below command, the user can replace ‘0.2.0’ with his desired version like ‘0.4.0 or 0.4.1’ And replace cuda9 by cuda8, cuda7.5, etc.

conda install pytorch=0.2.0 cuda90 -c pytorch

PyTorch libraries are also available in GitHub and users can check out the older version of PyTorch and build it. User can replace ‘0.2.0’ with his desired version: git checkout v0.2.0. Users can also download the required libraries for macOS or for Windows. User can download the respective OS libraries from the below URL from the official website of:

2. PyTorch Version 1.0 to 1.2

Before the 1.0 version of the code was written in Pytorch, the Python VM environment was needed to run this app. In 1.0 version python function and classes are provided with chúng tôi and to separate python code, this function/classes can be compiled into high-level representation. The main goal during the release of version from 1.0 to 1.2 was to combine features of Pytorch, ONNX and caffe2 framework into a single framework for seamless integration from research to production deployment. Some of the features added in version 1.0 are as below:

Easy to integrate C++ function with Python.

It separates the AI model from code by providing two modes:

Eager Mode: Mostly used for research as it is simple, debuggable and can use any python library. It needs a Python environment to run.

Script Mode: Model can run without a Python interpreter. This is a production deployment mode it has no python dependency and code is an optimizable subset of Python.

A model can run on servers, GPU or TPUs.

conda install pytorch==1.2.0 torchvision==0.4.0 -c pytorch 3. Latest PyTorch Version

Facebook has released the latest version of PyTorch in 2023. This new version is packed with new changes and bug fixes. Some of the new exciting features are supported for mobile, transparency, named tensors and quantization to meet the needs of researchers. I will be explaining in brief about these new features with some other information.

PyTorch Named Tensors

In prior 1.3 released PyTorch which did not support the suggestion of dimensions, broadcasting based on position or no information related to type was there in documentation with named tensors. PyTorch has overcome this debacle. PyTorch has added Named tensor as a feature so that users can access tensor dimensions using direct names. Previously while performing simple task users had to know the general structure of the now by broadcasting name of the dimensions user can rearrange the dimensions as required.

Named tensors also support error check on the name of the parameter to check dimension name match with the parameter or not.

Example:

import torch data_sample = torch.randn(100, 3, 250, 600 , names=('N', 'C', 'H', 'W'))

Here, N is Number of Batches, C is Number of the channel, H is the height of the image, W is the width of the image.

PyTorch Quantization

To run quantized operations PyTorch uses x86 CPUs with AVX2 support and ARM CPUs.

import torch m = nn.quantized.ReLU() input = torch.randn(2) input = torch.quantize_per_tensor(input, 1.0, 0, dtype=torch.qint32) PyTorch Mobile Support

Quantization is used while developing ML application so that PyTorch models can be deployed to Mobile or Other Devices. In PyTorch 1.3 the developer has added end to end workflow APIs for Android and iOS. This was done to reduce the latency and provide security on the edge node. It is an early-stage developer who is still working on this development with optimized computation, performance, and coverage on mobile CPUs and GPUs.

Apart from the above three features, there are some features added like support for PyTorch on Google colab. Support for tensorboard and performance improvement in the Autograd engine. Some new tools for model privacy, interpretability, and tools to support a multi-modal AI system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, PyTorch is the most used deep learning framework with support to all state of the art technology. As developers are continuously working on improving the PyTorch you can assume that there will be many more releases with exciting new features that will get added. So learning PyTorch to create machine learning or deep learning application will be beneficial for aspiring AI enthusiasts as this is one of the well documented and supported frameworks.

Top Versions Of Directx With Explanation

Introduction of DirectX Versions

DirectX versions are an updated collection of new features in DirectX through which it offers flexible working with new techniques, and you can have its different version for working with an improved environment. DirectX is a collection of application programming interface (APIs), which works especially for the handling of game programming. In this article, we learn the versions of DirectX and give you information about the important features of each version. So let us find versions of DirectX and analyze the plus point of each version.

Top Versions of DirectX

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1. DirectX 9

At the time of launching, it was compatible with Windows 98 and Xp, and its launching time was 2002, but later in 2007, it was improved for having compatibility with Windows 2002 or XP. It was introduced with Shader Model, which has Pixel Shader 2.0 and Vertex Shader 2.0.

2. DirectX 10

It comes with major updates in DirectX API and compatible with Windows Vista and its later versions. Exclusive versions of DirectX 10 can’t run on an older version of Windows, such as Windows XP. Many changes were done in this version, such as DirectInput of the last version changed withXInput, DirectSound with Cross-platform, Audio Creation tool system, as well as additional supports for hardware acceleration audio. One more thing was replaced that was chúng tôi with dplayx.dll.

3. DirectX 11

DirectX 11 comes with major changes and very good features and introduces at Gamefest 08 event in Seattle. It has many features supported with GPGPU, and if we talk about Direct3D 11, it comes with tessellation support. It also has improved multi-threading support, which assists in developing video games and utilizes multi-core processors in a better way, and this multi-threading attracts video game developers. You can run this version on different operating systems of the Windows platform, such as Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. It needs Direct3D 11 supporting hardware for Hardware tessellation and Shader Model 5.0. Microsoft also introduces Technical Preview for Direct3D 11. The other hardware and API features of version 10.1 are on hold and only add when it is required to increase the functionality of this version. Later with the Final Update for Windows Vista in 2009, Direct3D 11 has four updates. Let us discuss what that updates was.

DirectX 11.2 was comes in Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 R2 and has new features for Direct2D, such as geometry realizations. Swap Chain composition feature also introduces in it, which offers you rendering of lower resolution scene and then composite that scene at higher resolution through hardware overlay. The third update was DirectX 11.X and was introduced as the next step of DirectX 11.2, which runs on the Xbox One. It has includes draw bundles features which were later introduced with DirectX 12 version. The next update was announced with DirectX 12 at GDC, and the update was DirectX 11.3, which was released in 2023.

4. DirectX 12

The next version of DirectX is DirectX 12 and introduces by Microsoft on March 20, 2014, at GDC and officially released with Windows 10 on July 29, 2023. The first feature which can highlight is Low-level programming APIs for Direct3D 12, and this feature reduces driver overhead. Through parallel computation, resource utilization becomes more efficient, and developers can implement their own command lists and buffers that command with GPU.

I will tell you that developer Max McMullen stated that Direct3D 12 is made to achieve console-level efficiency on PC, Phone, and tablets when Direct3D 12 release comes with some initiatives, which were AMD’s mantle for AMD graphics cards, Khronos Group’s cross-platform Vulkan, and Apple’s Metal for iOS and Mac OS.

DirectX 12 gave 50 to 70 % efficiency in rendering speed and CPU power consumption than DirectX 11 at the computer-generated asteroid field of SIGGRAPH of Intel, released in 2014 by Intel. The first game which was introduced publicly to utilize DirectX 12 was ‘Ashes of Singularity and during testing of it by ArsTechnica in 2023, revealed regressions in the performance of DirectX 12 over DirectX 11 for Nvidia GeForce 980 Ti, whereas if we talk about AMD Radeon R9 290x then it got consistent improvement in its performance which was up to 70 % for DirectX 12.

5. DirectX 12 Ultimate

It is the latest revealed version of DirectX and introduces in March 2023. It is compatible with Windows 10 and Xbox series X as well as with other ninth-generation Xbox consoles. The new features included in this version are Variable Rate shading and Raytracing 1.1, which offers full control over the level of detail of shading. It depends on design choice, Sampler Feedback, and Mesh Shaders.

Conclusion

This was some important points for taking you through the versions of DirectX so that you can have an idea about the features of its version and can analyze them on the basis of their performance. Now you can choose your version according to your capability.