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Anyone who uses a dedicated camera body for photography or video capture is likely to be familiar with the tried-and-true SD card. This compact form of media storage comes in various capacity options at a fair price. But when using higher-end dedicated camera bodies, you may notice an entirely different memory card slot inside: CFExpress Type B.
CFExpress Type B lends a host of benefits over traditional SD cards, including faster data transfer speeds and improved heat dissipation. But not all CFExpress Type B cards are created equally. Like SD cards, CFExpress Type B cards come in different storage capacities and are offered in different speed ratings to suit your needs.
Sabrent – Affordable and capableWhile I’ve been hands-on with several different CFExpress Type B cards, one brand that consistently stands out to me is Sabrent. Their CFExpress Type B card lineup offers one of the most flexible in terms of storage capacities, and at mind-blowingly low prices compared to other brands. Best of all, I haven’t noticed any reliability differences when compared the bigger brand names, making Sabrent a tempting option.
Sabrent is known for their Rocket CFX line of CFExpress Type B cards, which come in flavors of 512GB or 1TB storage capacities and provide up to 1,700/1,500 MB/s read/write speeds peak, or 1,600/400 MB/s read/write speeds sustained. When reading these stats, the sustained numbers are the ones that most users are concerned with, as these are the speeds that will be most prevalent during continued use.
In our testing, we were able to achieve 1,460/600 MB/s read/write speeds with the Rocket CFX line in a 1TB flavor:
Sabrent’s Rocket CFX line of CFExpress Type B cards is most discernible by its blacked-out color scheme and blue stripes on the sticker; but more recently, Sabrent launched a new line of CFExpress Type B cards called the Rocket CFX Pro line that are discernible by its gold-on-black color scheme.
Sabrent Rocket CFX ProAs you might come to expect from a CFExpress Type B card that adds the “Pro” designation to its name, Sabrent’s Rocket CFX Pro CFExpress Type B cards lend serious spec boosts when compared to the non-Pro line. They come in flavors of 512GB, 1TB, and 2TB storage capacities and provide up to 1,800/1,700 MB/s read/write speeds peak, or 1,700/1,300 MB/s read/write speeds sustained (on 1TB and larger cards).
In our testing, we were able to achieve 1,525/1,207 MB/s read/write speeds with the Rocket CFX Pro line in a 1TB flavor… a fantastic step up from the write speeds in the ordinary Rocket CFX line:
Sabrent’s slower Rocket CFX line of CFExpress Type B cards are affordably priced $149 for 512GB and $249 for 1TB (just compare these storage capacity options to the prices offered by other brand names…), but you can expect to pay a bit more for enhanced speed capabilities. The faster Rocket CFX Pro line of CFExpress Type B cards come with price tags of $269.99 for 512GB, $449 for 1TB, and $649 for 2TB.
While it seems like a bit much in terms of cost at first glance, finding a 2TB storage option with these sustained write speeds isn’t particularly easy in today’s market, and most other brands are charging more for smaller 750GB CFExpress Type B cards with similar sustained read/write speeds. For this reason, we think that Sabrent is a reasonable way to go for anyone who desires pro-grade hardware capabilities on a budget.
CFExpress Type B – Camera storage of the futureAs dedicated camera bodies become more capable in terms of photography and videography by way of higher resolution image and video capture and faster shutter speeds (especially in terms of electronic shutters), it seems clear that CFExpress Type B will eventually overtake SD cards as the default storage medium given their higher-performing specifications. While this won’t happen overnight, we can already see it happening in higher-end cameras today, like the Nikon Z9 mentioned earlier.
If you’re on the fence about CFExpress Type B because of the cost, then Sabrent is a great brand to start with. With them, you get reliable storage offered in smaller or larger capacities, in addition to the choice between slower Rocket CFX or faster Rocket CFX Pro cards. For most non-flagship dedicated camera bodies, we think that the Rocket CFX line of CFExpress Type B cards will be enough, but those using flagships that demand more out of their storage cards should really consider Sabrent’s Rocket CFX Pro line instead.
Sabrent CFExpress Type B card readersSabrent also has you covered in terms of file transfers. They offer both USB-C-based and Thunderbolt-based CFExpress Type B card readers that are blazingly fast when transferring files to USB-C or Thunderbolt-equipped Macs or Windows PCs.
If you do any kind of creative work, either for hobby or for professional reasons, then these readers can cut down on file transfer times by utilizing the full read speeds of your CFExpress Type B cards rather than the bottleneck speeds of your camera’s integrated USB port (if it even has one).
Where to get oneIf you’re in need of CFExpress Type B storage media for your dedicated camera body, and Sabrent’s offerings look attractive to you, then you can check out the company’s cheaper Rocket CFX cards on Amazon. Prices range from $150 to $500 depending on whether you need a single 512GB card or a two 1TB card bundle. Sabrent’s slower USB-C-based CFEXpress Type B card reader is also available on Amazon for $57 and works with any brand of CFEXpress Type B card.
On the other hand, if you’re using a more demanding dedicated camera body and require faster storage media, then Sabrent’s faster and more expensive Rocket CFX Pro cards can also be had on Amazon. Prices range from $270 to $650 depending on whether you need a 512GB card, all the way up to a massive 2TB card. You can also find Sabrent’s faster Thunderbolt-based CFExpress Type B card reader on Amazon for a modest $130, which works with any brand of CFExpress Type B card and will utilize the CFExpress Type B card’s speeds to its fullest.
My thoughts on Sabrent CFExpress Type B cardsHaving lots of storage is going to be important if you’re a photographer, and in many cases, you may want more than one storage card so that you can have redundant backups of your work when shooting photos or video for compensation. For this reason, affordable and reliable storage has a lot of value for amateur and professional photographers and videographers alike.
Sabrent fills an important niche in the market by providing affordably priced storage options. It seems to me that while they aren’t the fastest cards on the market, they are good enough to get the job done for most users and are offered at a fair price point compared to much of the competition, especially per gigabyte (or terabyte!). That said, you could get yourself a couple of Sabrent cards for the price of one bigger brand name card of the same storage capacity, which could be a wiser choice.
I’ve had no issues with Sabrent’s CFExpress storage cards keeping up with my camera’s shooting capabilities, nor have I had any reliability problems with the cards’ onboard data corrupting with extended use as you may have heard about other smaller-brand storage cards.
Here’s a brief rundown of pros and cons relating to the Sabrent Rocket CFX and Rocket CFX Pro cards:
Pros:
Affordable storage per gigabyte compared to other CFExpress Type B cards
Cards are reliable with extended use
More appealing storage sizes up to 2TB
Available in low-cost budget options, or high-cost performance options
Will work with any CFExpress Type B-supported camera body
All-metal casing dissipates heat effectively
Cons:
Not as fast as some of the more expensive performance brands
Not as affordable as SD cards
ConclusionThere isn’t a lot of bad that I can say about the Sabrent CFX Rocket and CFX Rocket Pro CFExpress Type B cards. For the price, you get a lot of bang for your buck – lots of storage space, and high read and write speeds to keep up with your camera body’s workflow.
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Collect And Combine Rare Cards To Earn Nfts Of Us Presidents With Pixelpotus
Just halfway through 2023 and we see non-fungible tokens (NFTs) becoming a staple in every crypto enthusiast’s diet. With the NFT market total transaction value reportedly tripling in 2023 alone, NFT utilities and use cases continue to appear and evolve throughout every corner of the crypto space.
Through the myriad of evolutionary pathways NFTs tread, nostalgia is one such pathway that PixelPotus pioneers, and molds anew.
Collecting cards has never been this innovative or competitive.
What is PixelPotus?
Accurately named PixelPotus, this NFT collectible card game features digital POTUSes (Presidents of the United States) in their finest pixelated suits; lined up for inauguration! There are a total of 45 POTUSes available, each with a total of six levels of a rarity as players combine cards to upgrade their favorite POTUS(es).
You may be thinking, aren’t there a total of 46 POTUSes? You are correct, but lest we forget, Grover Cleveland acted as the 22nd and the 24th POTUS. Although President Cleveland would surely adore more publicity, PixelPotus ensures each POTUS gets a fair term in this game!
Get FREE POTUSes Today!
All players are able to claim a free* (*inclusive of a minor Tezos network fee) common POTUS token once per day. To mint the increasingly higher rarity version of each digital POTUS, a player must collect and then burn lower-level tokens to achieve the next tier. For example, to obtain an Uncommon Grover Cleveland, a player must burn two Common Grover Cleveland.
Following each player’s free claim once per day, a player may then purchase an additional five random Common POTUSes for 0.125 tez per day. However, the total limit to claims daily is 5,000, and as such, players have to claim as early as possible to avoid missing out. PixelPotus also has a smart contract-powered marketplace for users to post trades and exchange in a trustless manner.
20% of all claim and upgrade fees enter a prize pool smart contract dubbed, “The Treasury.” Once a player reaches the highest level of rarity (Unique), they can make a claim against The Treasury contract and receive a 25% payout. This will continue until all Unique POTUS tokens are minted and the final minted Unique token will receive whatever is left in The Treasury.
With only 10,000 of each Common POTUS token available and upgrades requiring lower-level token burning, PixelPotus POTUS tokens will only increase in scarcity. Sporting a bold, unique, and inherent deflationary spirit to the game, eventually, there will be no more cards left to claim!
Community Comes First
The Tezos community is well-known to be one of the most active and engaged communities out there. As the community’s needs and wants continue to burst at the seams, PixelPotus responds rapidly; incorporating new features and applying fixes in record time. So far, PixelPotus has been highly praised for its fast pace of development and implementation of new feature requests.
Prioritizing the community, the PixelPotus team has recently released V2, which incorporates the ability to now set buy orders for cards alongside the current sell orders. Additionally, V2 revamps the player PixelPotus interface and improves upon all aspects of the increasingly renowned NFT collectible card game.
In the words of Andrew Jackson: “Take time to deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in.”
Claim your first free POTUS token today here!
PixelPotus Socials:
Contact Details:
Name: Press Secretary Codecious
Inside A Training Mission With A B
Just before 9 a.m. on a blue-sky Louisiana morning, a giant gray B-52 bomber gradually lifts off the tarmac with some 190,000 pounds of fuel on board, a trail of dark exhaust behind it.
A few seconds later, there’s a small glitch: One of the aircraft’s landing gear legs—the rear one on the left—decides to stay down. The rest fold up, as they should. The pilots determine that the problem isn’t big enough to scrub the day’s flight, so the bomber pushes on with its training mission, two big wheels hanging down for five hours like an incomplete thought, limiting the plane’s speed and reducing its fuel efficiency. At some point, as planned, the crew refuels from behind an airborne tanker, taking on thousands of more pounds of gas.
That’s the B-52—a beefy old bomber that dates back to the post-World War II years. Though the US military has incorporated sleeker flying machines in recent decades, it’s not retiring what’s known as the “BUFF,” or Big Ugly Fat Fucker, anytime soon. The aircraft that lifted off that March morning from Barksdale Air Force Base in northwestern Louisiana was built by Boeing in Wichita, Kansas, and delivered to the Air Force in early March of 1962. The Cold War-era ship is far older than its two pilots that day: Carlos Espino (call sign “Loko”), 27, and Clint Scott (call sign “Silver”), 34.
Operating the B-52 is like “flying a museum,” Espino says from the left-hand seat in the cockpit just before the mission. “It’s a brick—I would say it’s like wrestling.” He’s a friendly, burly guy, and his squadron, the 20th, are known as the Buccaneers. The patch on his right shoulder shows a pirate throwing a bomb.
Capt. Carlos Espino (call sign “Loko”), foreground, walks towards a B-52 for a training flight out of Barksdale Air Force Base on March 10th. Rob Verger
“It has a lot of redundant systems,” Espino adds. “So if one system fails, there’s plenty of other systems to back it up.” The most challenging maneuver, he says, is precisely lining the aircraft up with a tanker in the sky to accept more fuel. “At the end of air refueling, you’re literally sweating.”
The plane may be large—its 185-foot wingspan and 159-foot length make it bigger than a 737, and smaller than a 747—but the space for the crew is cozy. Behind and below the cockpit is a small submarine-like compartment, sometimes illuminated in red, where two others sit: radar navigator Rebecca “Ripper” Ronkainen, and aircraft navigator Jacob Tejada, both 28. If anything happens that requires an airborne evacuation from the jet, Ronkainen and Tejada’s ejection seats blast downwards rather than upwards, which is only safe if the plane is more than 250 feet off the deck. Also on board that day is an instructor and weapons systems officer, call sign “Pibber.”
Right behind where Tejada and Ripper work is a urinal. Ideally, no one poops on a B-52, even if the mission drags on for hours. Imodium can help.
Officially called the Stratofortress, or less officially, the Stratosaurus, the B-52 sports a wealth of engines hanging from its big wings. While most airliners rely on two or four engines, the BUFF has eight TF-33 turbofan thrusters. The Air Force is set to replace those engines with new ones, an improvement that could boost the jet’s efficiency by at least 20 percent.
Upgrades like that should help the B-52 fit in a little better with the Air Force’s more modern lineup. Many of the bombers have also been outfitted with a new digital system, though the craft’s cockpit is still very much awash in traditional analog dials. Plus, each BUFF goes through an exhaustive maintenance process every four years that involves some 40,000 hours of labor and around 3,000 swapped parts. The Air Force says it would like to keep the BUFF flying until 2050; it’s a plane they keep investing in because they have it, and because it can do, and has done, a lot.
Rebecca “Ripper” Ronkainen tests her oxygen mask and communications equipment before the day’s flight. Rob Verger
B is for bomberThe Air Force’s fleet of bombers is an alphabet soup of “Bs” and numbers. There’s the B-1 Lancer, which now only carries conventional bombs, due to a treaty called New START. There’s the B-2 Spirit, a stealthy wing that can deliver either conventional or nuclear weapons. There’s the B-52. And finally, there’s the B-21 Raider, the Air Force’s forthcoming stealth bomber, which is still in the works.
Currently, the military owns 20 B-2s, 62 B-1s (that number may decrease to 45 next year), and 76 B-52s. That makes the BUFF, with its long, swept-back wings and narrow body, the most abundant.
“The B-52 has been a workhorse of the Air Force for decades,” says Todd Harrison, who directs the Aerospace Security Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). “It’s a remarkable aircraft, and I think it has really proven out the concept that your major platforms can stay relevant, long after their design life, by upgrading the components and the technologies that go on them.”
What makes the BUFF so enduring is the way it was first designed, says General Timothy Ray, the head of Air Force Global Strike Command. When they built the B-52 in the early 1960s, “you could do some precision engineering and precision manufacturing, but back then the efficiency wasn’t the driver,” he explains. “Today, you have the technical means to plan and manufacture to the finest of requirements.” In other words, they don’t build bombers like they used to.
Ray also notes that there’s more than one way to measure a plane’s age. “When you look at the life remaining in the air frame, the B-52 is the youngest,” he says.
Over the next decades, the Air Force might slim its bomber fleet down to just the futuristic B-21s and the old-school B-52s. Ray describes a fleet on the order of 75 BUFFs and 100 Raiders, or ideally even more: 220 bombers in total.
The costs involved with aircraft like these are astronomical. Giving each B-52 eight new engines and other upgrades requires a budget of about $130 million per plane, Ray says. The new B-21 Raider will be even pricier to buy, which is why the fleet of tomorrow would be a mix of vintage and new. What’s more, the B-52 is a metal bird that’s already in the hand, which is another reason to keep it running. “This is real,” Ray says, “whereas the B-21 is in parts getting put together right now.”
On a per-plane basis, the B-52 is less expensive for the Air Force to own and fly than the other bombers. The BUFF fleet costs the Air Force $1.4 billion per year, according to Harrison, which translates to around $18 million for a single aircraft annually. The B-1, meanwhile, clocks in at $23 million per plane each year, and the B-2 a whopping $43 million. Part of the reason for the difference is that because the Air Force has so many B-52s compared to the others, the operational costs per aircraft are much lower. But no matter how you slice it, bombers don’t come cheap.
A crew member enters the aircraft through the hatch in its belly. Rob Verger
Sending a messageThe US has three different ways of deploying nuclear weapons: intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), nuclear missile-outfitted submarines, and those B-52 and B-2 bombers. The Air Force calls this apocalyptic arsenal the “nuclear triad.”
Meanwhile, ICBMs, Ray says, are difficult to “message” with because the missile silos themselves are static. “Bombers, though, are flexible. And you can recall a bomber,” he says. “When I launch an ICBM—that’s it. Thirty minutes later, things are going down.”
Having BUFFs and other aircraft on hand also allows the military to conduct what it calls bomber task forces. Ray notes that they’ve sent bombers into the Black Sea, “which drives the Russians crazy, and it makes our day.” The same goes for flights into the Baltic Sea.
Russia performs similar operations with their fleet. Just this month, NORAD reported that that country flew bombers within 37 miles of Alaska.
Clint “Silver” Scott in the cockpit before the day’s flight. Rob Verger
Wheels downAs useful as the BUFF has been, though, CSIS’s Harrison wonders about the aircraft’s ongoing effectiveness against any country with modern safeguards. “If we have a conventional fight against Russia or China, the B-52 is a sitting duck to air defense systems and to Chinese and Russian fighter jets,” he says. In that case, the plane would have to operate at a safe distance from those countries, where its only effective weapons would be pricey cruise missiles. In a scenario like that, a stealthy B-2 or the forthcoming B-21 bomber might be more useful.
“At some point, you have to let important aircraft go,” Harrison says. “Is it really worth it to keep these planes in the air, or for the same amount of money, could we buy something else that’s more useful to us?” On that note, Harrison brings up a Navy aircraft called the P-8 Poseidon, which is like a 737 but can carry weapons such as cruise missiles. When asked if the military was thinking about a B-52 alternative like the Poseidon, an Air Force spokesperson said by email: “The Pentagon is carefully considering options and planning experiments toward the prospect of fielding such a plane.” A related idea is something called an arsenal aircraft, which could deploy what’s known as “standoff” weapons from afar.
Ultimately, the BUFF has its quirks—one of which was on full display during that March training mission out of Louisiana. The issue with the stubborn stay-down wheels stemmed from a fascinating design feature on the aircraft that allows the plane to pivot its main landing gear, so that if it’s landing in a cross wind, the nose of the beast can face into the wind while its wheels line up with the runway. Those landing gear legs can’t fold up into the belly, though, unless the switches say they’re centered. And sometimes the switches that control the wheels just “get out of rig,” an Air Force spokesperson wrote via email.
In fact, after that five-hour flight, another team quickly hopped into the same B-52 and took off again with the landing gear issue still unresolved, its crew said. That’s the BUFF. It’s not perfect, but it’s pretty good, and it gets a lot done. That should be enough to keep it cruising onward, punching through the sky for maybe the next three decades, perhaps with the occasional part out of place.
Type() And Isinstance() In Python With Examples
What is type() in Python?
Using type() command, you can pass a single argument, and the return value will be the class type of the argument given, example: type(object).
It is also possible to pass three arguments to type(), i.e., type(name, bases, dict), in such case, it will return you a new type object.
In this tutorial, you will learn:
Syntax for type():type() can be used in two ways as shown below:
type(object) type(namr, bases, dict)
Parameters: type(object)
object: This is a mandatory parameter. If this is only parameter passed to type(), than it will return you the type of the parameter.
: type(object)
Parameters: type(name, bases, dict)
name:name of the class.
bases: (optional). This is an optional parameter, and it is the base class
dict: (optional). This is an optional parameter, and it is a namespace that has the definition of the class.
Return Value:If the object is the only parameter passed to type() then it will return you the type of the object.
If the params passed to type is a type(object, bases, dict), in such case, it will return a new type of object.
Example of type()In this, example we have a string value, number , float value, a complex number, list, tuple , dict and set. We will use the variables with type to see the output for each of them.
str_list = "Welcome to Guru99" age = 50 pi = 3.14 c_num = 3j+10 my_list = ["A", "B", "C", "D"] my_tuple = ("A", "B", "C", "D") my_dict = {"A":"a", "B":"b", "C":"c", "D":"d"} my_set = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'} print("The type is : ",type(str_list)) print("The type is : ",type(age)) print("The type is : ",type(pi)) print("The type is : ",type(c_num)) print("The type is : ",type(my_list)) print("The type is : ",type(my_tuple)) print("The type is : ",type(my_dict)) print("The type is : ",type(my_set))Output:
Example: Using type() for class object.When you check the object created from a class using type(), it returns the class type along with the name of the class. In this example, we will create a class and check the object type created from the class test.
class test: s = 'testing' t = test() print(type(t))Output:
Example: Using the name, bases, and dict in type()The type can be also called using the syntax: type(name, bases, dict).
The three parameters passed to type()i.e., name, bases and dict are the components that make up a class definition. The name represents the class name, the bases is the base class, and dict is the dictionary of base class attributes.
In this example, we are going to make use of all three params i.e name, bases, and dict in type().
Example:
class MyClass: x = 'Hello World' y = 50 t1 = type('NewClass', (MyClass,), dict(x='Hello World', y=50)) print(type(t1)) print(vars(t1))Output:
{‘x’: ‘Hello World’, ‘y’: 50, ‘__module__’: ‘__main__’, ‘__doc__’: None}
When you pass all three arguments to type() , it helps you to initialize new class with base class attributes.
What is isinstance() in Python?Python isinstance is part of python built-in functions. Python isinstance() takes in two arguments, and it returns true if the first argument is an instance of the classinfo given as the second argument.
Syntax isinstance() isinstance(object, classtype) Parameters
object: An object whose instance you are comparing with classtype. It will return true if the type matches otherwise false.
class type: A type or a class or a tuple of types and/or classes.
Return value:It will return true if the object is an instance of classtype and false if not.
Examples of isinstance()In this section, we will study various examples to learn isinstance()
Example : isinstance() Integer checkThe code below compares integer value 51 with type int. It will return true it the type of 51 matches with int otherwise false.
age = isinstance(51,int) print("age is an integer:", age)Output:
age is an integer: True Example : isinstance() Float checkIn this example we are going to compare the float value with type float i.e. 3.14 value will be compare with type float.
pi = isinstance(3.14,float) print("pi is a float:", pi)Output:
pi is a float: True Example: isinstance() String check message = isinstance("Hello World",str) print("message is a string:", message)Output:
message is a string: True Example : isinstance() Tuple checkThe code checks for a tuple (1,2,3,4,5) with type tuple. It will return true if the input given is of type tuple and false if not.
my_tuple = isinstance((1,2,3,4,5),tuple) print("my_tuple is a tuple:", my_tuple)Output:
my_tuple is a tuple: True Example : isinstance() Set checkThe code checks for a set ({1,2,3,4,5},with type set. It will return true if the input given is of type set and false if not.
my_set = isinstance({1,2,3,4,5},set) print("my_set is a set:", my_set)Output:
my_set is a set: True Example: isinstance() list checkThe code checks for a list [1,2,3,4,5],with type list. It will return true if the input given is of type list and false if not.
my_list = isinstance([1,2,3,4,5],list) print("my_list is a list:", my_list)Output:
my_list is a list: True Example: isinstance() dict checkThe code checks for a dict({“A”:”a”, “B”:”b”, “C”:”c”, “D”:”d”},with type dict. It will return true if the input given is of type dict and false if not.
my_dict = isinstance({"A":"a", "B":"b", "C":"c", "D":"d"},dict) print("my_dict is a dict:", my_dict)Output:
my_dict is a dict: True Example: isinstance() test on a classThe code shows the type check of class with isinstance() . The object of the class is compared with the name of the class inside isinstance(). It returns true if the object belongs to the class and false otherwise.
class MyClass: _message = "Hello World" _class = MyClass() print("_class is a instance of MyClass() : ", isinstance(_class,MyClass))Output:
_class is a instance of MyClass() True Difference Between type() and isinstance() in Pythontype() isinstance()
Python has a built-in function called type() that helps you find the class type of the variable given as input. Python has a built-in function called isinstance() that compares the value with the type given. If the value and type given matches it will return true otherwise false.
The return value is a type object The return value is a Boolean i.e true or false.
class A: my_listA = [1,2,3] class B(A): my_listB = [1,2,3] print(type(A()) == A) print(type(B()) == A)Output:
True FalseIn case of type the subclass check gives back false.
class A: my_listA = [1,2,3] class B(A): my_listB = [1,2,3] print(isinstance(A(), A)) print(isinstance(B(), A))Output:
True Trueisinstance() gives a truthy value when checked with a subclass.
Summary:
For type(), you can pass a single argument, and the return value will be the class type of the argument given, e.g., type(object).
It is also possible to pass three arguments to type(), i.e., type(name, bases, dict), in such case, it will return you a new type object.
Python has a built-in function called instance() that compares the value with the type given. It the value and type given matches it will return true otherwise false. Using isinstance(), you can test for string, float, int, list, tuple, dict, set, class, etc.
Using isinstance() method, you can test for string, float, int, list, tuple, dict, set, class, etc.
Enterprise Value Vs Equity Value
Enterprise Value vs Equity Value
Differences between enterprise value (firm value) and equity value
Written by
CFI Team
Published February 26, 2023
Updated July 7, 2023
Overview of Enterprise Value vs. Equity ValueIn this guide, we outline the difference between the enterprise value of a business and the equity value of a business. Simply put, the enterprise value is the entire value of the business, without giving consideration to its capital structure, and equity value is the total value of a business that is attributable to the shareholders. Learn all about Enterprise Value vs Equity Value.
To learn more, watch our video explanation below:
Enterprise valueThe enterprise value (which can also be called firm value or asset value) is the total value of the assets of the business (excluding cash).
When you value a business using unlevered free cash flow in a DCF model, you are calculating the firm’s enterprise value.
If you already know the firm’s equity value, as well as its total debt and cash balances, you can use them to calculate enterprise value.
Enterprise value formulaIf equity, debt, and cash are known, then you can calculate enterprise value as follows:
EV = (share price x # of shares) + total debt – cash
Where EV equals Enterprise Value. Note: If a business has a minority interest, that must be added to the EV as well. Learn more about minority interest in enterprise value calculations.
or
Calculate the Net Present Value of all Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) in a DCF Model to arrive at Enterprise Value.
Equity valueThe equity value (or net asset value) is the value that remains for the shareholders after any debts have been paid off. When you value a company using levered free cash flow in a DCF model, you are determining the company’s equity value. If you know the enterprise value and have the total amount of debt and cash at the firm, you can calculate the equity value as shown below.
Equity value formulaIf enterprise value, debt, and cash are all known, then you can calculate equity value as follows:
Equity value = Enterprise Value – total debt + cash
Or
Equity value = # of shares x share price
Use in valuationEnterprise value is more commonly used in valuation techniques as it makes companies more comparable by removing their capital structure from the equation.
Example comparisonIn the illustration below, you will see an example of enterprise value vs equity value. We take two companies that have the same asset value and show what happens to their equity value as we change their capital structures.
As shown above, if two companies have the same enterprise value (asset value, net of cash), they do not necessarily have the same equity value. Firm #2 financed its assets mostly with debt and, therefore, has a much smaller equity value.
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Enterprise Value vs Equity Value Calculator Template
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Financial modeling applicationsWhen building financial models, it’s important to know the differences between levered and unlevered free cash flow (or Free Cash Flow to the Firm vs. Free Cash Flow to Equity), and whether you are deriving the equity value of a firm or the enterprise value of a firm.
Learn more:
House analogyOne of the easiest ways to explain enterprise value versus equity value is with the analogy of a house. The value of the property plus the house is the enterprise value. The value after deducting your mortgage is the equity value.
Imagine the following example:
Value of house (building): $500,000
Value of property (land): $1,000,000
Box of cash in the basement: $50,000
Mortgage: $750,000
What is the enterprise value?
$1,500,0000. (Value of house plus value of property equals the enterprise value)
What is the equity value?
$800,000. (Value of the house, plus value of the property, plus value of the cash, less the value of the mortgage)
Here is an illustration of the house example with some different numbers. Each of the three houses below has a different financing structure, yet the value of the assets (the enterprise) remains the same.
The above example and screenshot are taken from CFI’s Free Intro to Corporate Finance Course.
More about enterprise value vs equity valueWe hope this article has been a helpful guide on enterprise value versus equity value. To learn more, please check out our free introduction to corporate finance course for a video-based explanation of enterprise value versus equity value.
Photoshop Cc 2023’S Type Changes – Live Type Previews And More
Photoshop CC 2023’s Type Changes – Live Type Previews and More
Learn all about Live Type Previews, the Type Tool’s new Auto-Select feature, and more improvements to how we add type and edit text in Photoshop CC 2023!
Written by Steve Patterson.
The biggest change with text in Photoshop CC 2023 is that the Type Tool now includes a live preview, giving us an easy way to choose the right font before we start typing. But there are other changes as well. We can now auto-select the Type Tool when we need to edit our text, and it’s now easier than ever to commit the text once we’ve added it. Adobe has also changed the way the Free Transform command works when using it to resize type. We’ll look at all of these changes in this lesson.
To follow along, you’ll need Photoshop CC. If you’re already a Creative Cloud subscriber, make sure that your copy of Photoshop CC is up to date. Let’s get started!
How to use live type previews in Photoshop CC 2023We’ll start by learning how to use the Type Tool’s new live preview feature. I’ve gone ahead and opened a new Photoshop document (background image from Adobe Stock):
A new document in Photoshop CC 2023.
Step 1: Select the Type ToolFirst select the Type Tool from the Toolbar:
Selecting the Type Tool.
The live preview shows your current font and type size.
Step 3: Choose a new fontWith the preview open, go up to the Options Bar and choose your font:
Choosing a font in the Options Bar.
As you try different fonts, the preview updates:
The live preview lets you find the right font before adding your text.
Step 4: Choose a type sizeIncreasing the type size by dragging with the scrubber slider.
And the preview instantly updates with the new size:
Photoshop CC 2023 previews both the font and the type size.
Step 5: Add your textWhen you’re happy with the preview, enter your text. Photoshop replaces the placeholder text with whatever you type:
The placeholder text disappears when you start typing.
Also new in Photoshop CC 2023: Place images in shapes with the Frame Tool
A faster way to commit text in Photoshop CC 2023 Free Transform now scales type proportionallyAnother change Adobe has made with type in Photoshop CC 2023 is that the Free Transform command now scales text proportionally by default. In the past, we needed hold Shift while dragging the transform handles to lock the aspect ratio in place. But now, the aspect ratio is locked automatically.
Holding Shift while dragging a handle in CC 2023 switches you to freeform mode where you can drag the handle in any direction. In other words, it’s the exact opposite of what it used to be.
Step 1: Select Free TransformTo resize your text, make sure your Type layer is selected in the Layers panel:
Selecting the Type layer.
Then go up to the Edit menu in the Menu Bar and choose Free Transform:
Step 2: Drag the transform handles to scale the textFree Transform now locks the aspect ratio of the text automatically.
To scale the text non-proportionally, hold Shift while dragging a handle. This lets you move the handle in any direction. Release Shift to switch back to resizing the text with the aspect ratio locked in place:
To resize the text non-proportionally, hold Shift as you drag a handle.
Step 3: Commit the change and close Free TransformAlso new in Photoshop CC 2023: Preview layer blend modes on the fly!
Auto-selecting the Type Tool in Photoshop CC 2023Finally, one more improvement Adobe has made in Photoshop CC 2023 is that we can now edit our text even with the Move Tool selected. Photoshop will automatically select the Type Tool for you, so there’s no need to select it yourself.
I’ll make a quick copy of my Type layer by pressing Ctrl+J (Win) / Command+J (Mac) on my keyboard. In the Layers panel, the copy appears above the original:
Making a copy of the Type layer.
Then, I’ll select the Move Tool from the Toolbar:
Selecting the Move Tool.
And I’ll drag the copy of the text down below the original text:
Moving the copy of the text below the original.
How to auto-select the Type ToolWith the type selected, I can choose a new font, edit my text, and resize the type as needed with Free Transform:
Auto-selecting the Type Tool makes editing text easier than ever.
And there we have it! That’s a quick look at the new changes and improvements when working with text in Photoshop CC 2023! Check out our Photoshop Basics section for more tutorials! And don’ forget, all of our tutorials are now available to download as PDFs!
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