Trending December 2023 # Semicolon In Python: What Does It Do? Should I Use It? # Suggested January 2024 # Top 18 Popular

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You can use a semicolon in Python to put multiple statements on one line. The semicolon terminates the line of code and starts a new one.

Remember, you shouldn’t use semicolons in your Python code even though it’s possible!

Here’s an example of an expression where three separate lines of code are placed on the same line separated by semicolons.

print("Hello."); print("It is me."); print("How do you do?")

Output:

Hello. It is me. How do you do?

In Python, the semicolon acts as a statement delimiter. The Python interpreter knows that the statement ends after the semicolon and a new one begins.

When Use Semicolon in Python?

Semicolons offer a smooth landing for those with backgrounds in C or C++. This is because you can freely add semicolons at the end of each line in Python. But remember that Python doesn’t require using semicolons and you almost never see it in use.

Later on, you’ll learn why using semicolons is bad and creates hard-to-read code that is tricky to manage and understand. Before that, let’s take a look at some rare scenarios in which you might need a semicolon in Python.

Use Case 1: Running Shell Scripts

A great use case for semicolons in Python is when you need to run a short Python script from the shell.

For example, you can open up your command line window and run the following command:

$ python -c 'for i in range (4): print ("Hi") ; print(f"The number is {i}")'

This results in the following:

Hi This is the number 0 Hi This is the number 1 Hi This is the number 2 Hi This is the number 3

As you might expect, adding the statements in the same line is the only easy way to run a Python script like this on the shell window. This is why it’s handy to have a semicolon in Python as an option.

Use Case 2: Suppressing Output in Jupyter Notebook

If you work with an environment like Jupyter Notebook, you may have noticed that the last expression of your script prints the return value. Sometimes, this can be annoying if you don’t need to see the return value.

%matplotlib inline import random import pandas as pd dat = [random.gauss(10, 2) for i in range(150) ] df = pd.DataFrame( { 'C': dat} ) axis = df.C.hist() axis.set_title('Histogram', size=10)

Output:

Notice how it shows a print Text(0.5, 1.0, ‘Example Data’) before the example histogram. This is the return value of the axis.set_title(‘Example data’, size=15) function call at the last line. If you don’t want to see this, you need to suppress the function call with a semicolon.

axis.set_title('Example Data', size=15);

Now the result looks less annoying as there are no random prints before the plot.

Stop Using Semicolons in Python

If you have a background in JavaScript, C++, or C, you might be familiar with adding semicolons to each line of code to terminate statements.

In Python, you also have the option to terminate code lines with semicolons. However, this is not mandatory like in C or C++. As a matter of fact, you should stay away from using semicolons in Python.

The reason why semicolons are bad in Python is that they are not Pythonic.

If you force multiple statements on the same line, it only makes the code harder to read.

For example, let’s create a simple piece of code with some variables and prints:

temperature = 45 cold = False if temperature < 50: cold = True print('Its a cold day') print('I need more clothes') print(f'cold={cold}') print('Status changed')

This code expands to multiple lines and is readable (even though it doesn’t do anything particularly smart).

Now, let’s delete some line breaks with semicolons in the above example:

temperature = 45; cold = False if temperature < 50: cold = True; print('Its a cold day'); print('I need more clothes') print(f'cold={cold}');print('Status changed')

This piece of code looks terrible and unreadable.

To develop programs at scale, you need to write code that is easy to read. Combining expressions that belong to their own lines into the same line makes no sense. It only saves you lines but makes the code so much harder to read and maintain.

Conclusion

Today you learned what a semicolon does in python.

The semicolon delimits statements. This makes it possible to add multiple statements in one line by semicolon-separating them.

But using semicolons to add multiple statements on the same line is highly against best practices. Adding multiple expressions in the same line makes the code less readable and harder to maintain.

Unless you’re suppressing Jupyter Notebook prints or running a shell script with multiple expressions, you should stay away from the semi-colon in Python.

Thanks for reading. I hope you enjoy it.

Happy coding!

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What Is Metaverse And What Does It Have To Do With Facebook

Mark Zuckerberg loves to be dramatic and mysterious, which makes the sudden Facebook rebranding to Meta less surprising. However, it’s more confusing than anything for most people. What is metaverse and how exactly does it relate to Facebook? The two tie together more than you might believe, but first, let’s dive into what “metaverse” means and how you might already be a part of it.

What is Metaverse?

Neal Stephenson is typically credited with coming up with the term metaverse in his popular 1992 sci-fi novel “Snow Crash.” In his novel, he envisioned a futuristic world where people interacted in virtual worlds using avatars. If that future sounds more like now, then you’d be right.

The ultimate purpose of the metaverse is to serve as an alternative to reality by using a combination of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), video/voice communication, 3D avatars, and more.

For example, if you wanted to hang out with friends, you’d never leave the house. Instead, you’d use technology to step into a realistic virtual world where you and your friends would hang out in avatar form. You might go to a concert, watch a movie together, play games, or just sit around and talk. It’d be just like real life but more convenient in many ways, especially if you live far apart.

To answer the question of what is metaverse: it’s a digital universe where you live, play, interact, and even work. In fact, in the popular virtual community/game Second Life, many users work full-time jobs creating and selling digital goods.

You’re Already a Part of the Metaverse

While not everybody is technically a part of the metaverse, millions already are, and you probably never even realized it. For example, if you’re an iPhone user, how often have you communicated using your custom memoji? While it’s a simplistic example, you’re using an avatar version of yourself to communicate digitally.

If you love playing video games, you probably already have avatar versions of yourself that interact with other characters (real people, not NPCs). This is the metaverse in action. Minecraft, Fortnite, and Roblox are three highly popular examples where users are living and playing in the metaverse.

You could even consider some types of online meetings to be part of the metaverse. For instance, if a team uses a virtual meeting space where everyone’s avatars gather together to chat, this is the metaverse. The idea is to have a more immersive experience than just your standard video chat.

The great thing about it is it’s so simple to step into this virtual universe and interact as if you were simply walking down the street. In many cases, it doesn’t feel that much different.

It’s More than Just Virtual Reality

If you’re thinking that the metaverse is just virtual reality, you are only partially right. VR is an integral part of the metaverse. But, it’s not all it is. VR on its own just involves feeling like you’re a part of another reality or to experience something in a risk-free environment.

For example, healthcare professionals use VR to test new surgeries or during training to get experience before working with live patients. People dealing with mental health issues, such as anxiety or PTSD, use VR to step into calming worlds where they don’t have to feel afraid or worried.

With the metaverse, you add a social element. It’s not just about you – it’s an entire world or universe. Using the healthcare example, a full team might practice a surgery together or PTSD patients from around the world might meet together in a virtual room to talk, hang out, and deal with their trauma together.

This universe takes your daily life and brings it online. As the technology improves, you’ll see avatars transforming from cartoonish and obviously digital to holographic versions that look nearly real.

With all of the above to consider, why did Zuckerberg suddenly decide Facebook should be called Meta? The first reason is simple enough: to sound more cutting edge. The second reason is because Facebook is investing heavily in the metaverse future with over $10 billion this year alone. In fact, the company invested $150 million in immersive learning to prepare creators for developing the new meta reality.

The name is designed to encompass all of Facebook’s apps and technologies under one brand. The purpose is to become a truly metaverse company. In layman’s terms, you’d be able to live in a Facebook world. Instead of scrolling through posts, you’d actually hang out virtually with friends, go to work meetings (using Horizon Workrooms), watch movies together, attend events, and much more. Zuckerberg wants Facebook to be known as where you go to step into the metaverse.

Since Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram are all keeping their names, what does Meta even mean? The original Facebook brand also included devices and other platforms, such as Portal and Oculus Quest, with future devices in the works. Currently, the company’s at work creating a universal account system that’ll work with all Meta properties, so you won’t be required to have a Facebook account.

It’s all more conceptual right now than reality. Rebranding to Meta is just the start. While some feel it’s just a way to distract from all the negative news about Facebook in the last several years, it could be that Zuckerberg doesn’t want to miss out on an emerging and already popular market. It’s worth taking a look at the official announcement to see what Zuckerberg is envisioning.

Facebook’s Not Alone in Investing in the Metaverse

Facebook is far from the only or even the first to invest in the metaverse concept. As mentioned before, Minecraft, Roblox, and Fortnite have already invested in the future and players already get to experience the metaverse for themselves.

Epic Games, which is the company behind Fortnite, has helped users attend concerts virtually with artists such as Travis Scott and Ariana Grande. You could even step back in time to experience the iconic “I Have A Dream” speech from Martin Luther King Jr.

To make gaming even more realistic, Epic’s working on creating photorealistic avatars using MetaHuman Creator. The beta launched in April 2023. The tool helps platforms create “digital humans” in around an hour. Imagine being able to go to a concert with a few friends without ever leaving your home, yet all of you look exactly like yourselves and not the typical cartoonish animated avatar. This is what Epic’s investing in.

Obviously, Microsoft isn’t about to be left out of the metaverse. The tech giant is adding metaverse features to Microsoft Teams as early as 2023. This will include virtual avatars and holograms, which will allow teams to meet in real time at a virtual office or other virtual locations.

Microsoft’s also working on creating full 3D workplaces and retail environments. This would allow employees and customers to interact together in a more realistic environment but from the comfort of home, a local coffee shop, or anywhere with a good Internet connection.

Stepping into the Metaverse

More and more companies are jumping onboard the metaverse train. Everyone wants to be the first to offer the most immersive, fun, and useful experiences possible. But, what can you actually do in the metaverse?

Some of the top examples right now involve video games or game developers. But you can do far more than just play games with friends or random strangers around the world.

After remote work became the new norm for millions in 2023, you may already realize how lonely and strange the experience can be if you’re used to working with others all day long. In a metaverse world, remote work may mean you stay at home but still go to meetings, gather at the watercooler during breaks, get together to hangout with co-workers after work, and even work side by side on big projects. Naturally, this is all virtual, but you get the benefits of remote work and actually being at work at the same time.

While VR and AR have already been used to help with training in various fields, training becomes far more in depth and realistic thanks to fully virtual worlds. Soldiers can train together and practice scenarios safely, for instance.

The metaverse can transform nearly any experience, including how you exercise. Hate the gym? No problem. Step into a virtual studio to attend a fitness class without ever leaving home and get real-time feedback from instructors. Attend classes at any university and even gather in study groups without being on a campus.

The metaverse offers the chance to do nearly anything virtually. Attend concerts, explore museums, travel the world, celebrate holidays, experience major events in history, browse store shelves, and much more.

Cryptocurrency is another area affected by the metaverse. Grayscale, a crypto company, estimates the metaverse could be a $1 trillion industry in years to come. Part of the appeal could come in the form of cryptocurrency. For instance, try your luck in virtual casinos with other real players. Win and lose real crypto.

Art galleries, celebrities, and brands are all launching NFTs, letting users buy unique digital goods. Much like real items, value can increase over time, making these popular investments for people. Anyone can hold concerts, accepting cryptocurrency as payment.

Of course, virtual platforms often have their own currencies, which users can trade out for real money or use on other platforms that accept various crypto. There is a wide variety of metaverse games in the blockchain space that you can play right now.

Some metaverse platforms are also taking a lesson from cryptocurrency and creating decentralized platforms where users own everything versus a single company owning it, like Meta would own its metaverse.

For example, Decentraland is a virtual world owned by players. You can buy and sell virtual plots of land, a form of NFT, using MANA, which is cryptocurrency based on the Ethereum blockchain. In fact, one plot of land sold for $2.43 million. This shows just how valuable metaverse property is becoming.

Frequently Asked Questions 1. Do I need special equipment or software to be a part of the metaverse?

On the other hand, you can play Fortnite, create your own games in Roblox, create your own personal metaverse in Minecraft, or step into a virtual life in Second Life without any special equipment outside of a computer, mobile device, or gaming console.

Mainly, you’ll need a strong high-speed Internet connection.

2. What is mixed-reality?

While the metaverse relies heavily on VR and AR, mixed-reality is a more commonly used term for many metaverse experiences. This is where the virtual and real worlds meet. For instance, something as simple as an Instagram filter is considered mixed-reality.

A more extreme example is holographic 3D avatars. For instance, a friend may “appear” in your living room as a holographic version of themselves. Or a school may use holographic models to help students learn to work on machinery.

3. Can I live and work in the metaverse?

Technically, yes. In fact, that’s how some companies envision the future. You won’t need to leave home to go to work or meet with friends. In reality, you’ll always need to live in the real world at least some of the time.

However, it’s becoming more normal to have remote doctor appointments, virtual therapy sessions, and virtual meetings.

As shown in examples throughout this article, some people do make a full-time living just in metaverse worlds by creating digital goods or hosting virtual experiences, such as concerts and speaking engagements.

4. When will the metaverse become the norm?

That’s harder to answer. It’s already normal in many ways, such as gaming. But, it could still be years before it’s just as normal to go to a virtual concert as an in-person concert. As the technology behind the metaverse changes, experiences in the metaverse will feel more real, which will lead to higher adoption rates.

Crystal Crowder

Crystal Crowder has spent over 15 years working in the tech industry, first as an IT technician and then as a writer. She works to help teach others how to get the most from their devices, systems, and apps. She stays on top of the latest trends and is always finding solutions to common tech problems.

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Midjourney Remaster: What Is It And How To Use It

What to know

Midjourney Remaster is a new feature that enhances the quality of old images using a new algorithm that focuses on coherence and detail.

Remaster option can be accessed when creating images on older versions of Midjourney, i.e., v3 or older (at the time of writing). 

You can either remaster one of the generated images or create an image using the experimental parameter “–test –creative” manually. 

When you enter your ideas on Midjourney, the AI tool creates different samples of images for you to select. Based on the results generated, you can upscale or make variations to one of the images or refresh the whole bunch with a brand-new set of images. In addition to these tools, Midjourney also offers a Remaster function that lets you rework an image created by running it through more algorithms.

In this post, we’ll explain what Remaster on Midjourney is all about and how you can use this feature. 

Related: Midjourney Cheat Sheet: Become a Pro at Using Midjourney!

What is Midjourney Remaster?

Midjourney Remaster is a new feature that allows users to enhance the quality of their old images, especially those that were created with older versions of Midjourney. It accomplishes this by employing a new algorithm that is more attentive to coherence and detail.

Remaster can take your old images and make them look like new. It can sharpen the details, remove noise, and correct colors. It can even add new details, like hair or fur.

Related: Midjourney V5: How to Use It

The Remaster function only works when you create images on Midjourney’s older versions. At the time of writing, Midjourney runs on version 4; so if you created images using v3, or older models, you will be able to use the Remaster option to generate an enhanced version of the original image. Being an experimental feature, the remastered image may either look more refined or may entirely change the elements present in the original image. 

Related: Can Midjourney Make NSFW?

How to use Remaster on Midjourney

There are two ways you can use the Remaster function inside Midjourney – one is using the Remaster button that will be accessible when you upscale your preferred image and another is by entering certain prompts inside Midjourney. 

Method 1: Using Remaster option

The option to remaster images you generate on Midjourney is only available when you create them using an older version of the AI tool. This is because Remaster runs the work created on the older version and processes it through the algorithms of the current version in order to rework it. So, to access the Remaster option, you can use a prompt that looks like this:

/imagine [art description] --v 3

Notice the “–v 3” prompt we added at the end? This is to make sure Midjourney is using version 3 of its AI model instead of the current version (v4, at the time of writing). You can use older models as well to generate your desired set of images. 

You can then expand the upscaled remastered image and see how it compares to the original version of the image. Here’s an example of the remaster option we used when creating “chromolithography of Aglais lo” (Aglais lo is a rare species of butterfly). 

Related: Can Midjourney Images Be Used Commercially? Midjourney License Explained

Method 2: Using prompts to remaster manually 

If you don’t wish to use Midjourney’s older version to remaster images, you can directly use the remaster function using additional prompts that you’ll have to enter manually when tying your input prompt. Remastered images can be generated using the “–test –creative” prompt that you can enter alongside the input. For reference, you can follow the syntax below to generate a remastered image of your concept:

/imagine [art description] --test --creative

The upscaled image should now show up on the screen. You can expand it and save it on your device from here. 

If you want Midjourney to rework your idea once again, you can repeat the same prompt as input, and upon each run, you should see different iterations of your concept. You can also add other experimental parameters like “–beta” and “–testp” to get more variations to the image you want to generate. 

Related: 3 Ways to Upload an Image to Midjourney

I cannot access the Remaster option in Midjourney. Why? And how to fix

The Remaster option on Midjourney is an experimental feature, meaning it may not work best every time you use it, or on some occasions, won’t even show up as an option. If you’re unable to access the Remaster button:

Make sure your input prompt includes the parameter “–[version number]”; for eg. “–v 3”. This is important because Midjourney can only remaster those images that were created using its older versions. If you don’t include this parameter at the end of your input prompt, images will be created using Midjourney’s current version and these images cannot be remastered as they have already been processed through the newest version’s algorithms. 

Some images/art simply won’t show the Remaster option. This could be because Midjourney wasn’t able to create or process another iteration of the concept you entered. 

If you entered the “–test –creative” parameters manually, Remaster wouldn’t show up as an option as these parameters themselves are creating remastered images on Midjourney. 

That’s all you need to know about Midjourney’s Remaster option. 

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Event Id 7036: What Does It Mean & How To Fix It

Event ID 7036: What Does It Mean & How to Fix It Issues with chúng tôi file may prompt this problem

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To fix Windows PC system issues, you will need a dedicated tool

Fortect is a tool that does not simply cleans up your PC, but has a repository with several millions of Windows System files stored in their initial version. When your PC encounters a problem, Fortect will fix it for you, by replacing bad files with fresh versions. To fix your current PC issue, here are the steps you need to take:

Download Fortect and install it on your PC.

Start the tool’s scanning process to look for corrupt files that are the source of your problem

Fortect has been downloaded by

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Many services running on the PC help it perform its duties properly. These services may perform tasks at startup and, once done, will stop by themselves. However, any interruption or failure with the process can result in the Event ID 7036 service entering the stopped state error on your PC. It can affect how your PC works.

Also, our readers can read about the Event ID 7023 Error on Windows 11 and some fixes to resolve it.

What is event ID 7036?

The event ID 7036 on Windows indicates that the specified service changed to the state indicated in the message. It means the service specified in the error message started or stopped unexpectedly.

Hence, service state change results in the Event ID 7036 service entered the stopped state error and the Source being Service Control Manager.

Why do I get the event ID 7036?

Event ID 7036 can occur due to many factors affecting your PC. Some are:

Corrupt system files – The Event service running on your computer can get affected by corrupt system files impeding its processes. It can prevent services from accessing the needed files for performing tasks and operations. Hence, it results in the Event ID 7036 error.

Issues with the chúng tôi file – The chúng tôi file can cause services such as the Print Spooler service to stop on your computer unexpectedly. It may affect the specified service, causing it to run into the Event ID 7036 error even when not expected.

The Log files are full – The error may also occur on your computer when the Log files are full and can’t accommodate more events. It causes the service trying to write an event to run into the event ID 7036 Windows update service and other errors.

Regardless, there are some solutions you can use to resolve the error and get your services to work again.

How can I fix the event ID 7036?

Expert tip:

Turn off background apps running on your PC.

Disconnect external devices from the PC

Restart Windows in Safe Mode and check if the event ID 7036 persists.

If you can’t fix the error, proceed with the troubleshooting steps below:

1. Perform a clean boot

A Clean boot prevents programs liable to cause the error from launching when you start the system.

2. Run an SFC scan

An SFC scan will find corrupt system files causing the event ID 7036 error on your PC. You can check how to fix the run as administrator option if it’s not working on your PC.

3. Delete the local policy registry subkey

Tweaking the registry keys allows you to remove the faulty subkey causing the error. Read our guide if you encounter the Registry Editing has been disabled by Your Administrator error when using it.

4. Enable the File and Printer Sharing option

Checking the box for File and Printer Sharing can resolve and prevent the event ID 7036 on your computer.

Still experiencing issues?

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What Is Eleven Lab Ai? How Does It Work?

Whether you’re a publisher or creator, ElevenLabs has the ultimate tools for generating top-quality spoken audio in any voice and style. Their deep learning model utilizes high compression and context understanding to render human intonation and inflections with unprecedented fidelity. Plus, their software adjusts delivery based on context, making the spoken audio even more natural and engaging.

Also read: How to use Eleven Lab AI?

ElevenLabs was founded in 2023 by Piotr, an ex-Google machine learning engineer, and Mati, an ex-Palantir deployment strategist. Their expertise in the industry and passion for voice technology have driven them to create the most compelling AI speech software for publishers and creators. ElevenLabs is also backed by Credo Ventures, Concept Ventures, and other angel investors, founders, and strategic operators from the industry.

Eleven Labs AI works using a deep-learning model for speech synthesis, developed by co-founders Mati Staniszewski and Piotr Dabkowski. The AI-assisted text-to-speech software can produce lifelike speech by synthesizing vocal emotion and intonation, adjusting the intonation and pacing of delivery based on the context of the language input used. This technology can be applied to various applications, such as creating audiobooks and dubbing movies in different languages. The AI model can convert text to speech in any voice and emotion, currently working in English and Polish. The company aims to scale up its solution globally, making it available in all languages.

Eleven Labs AI generates voices using a deep-learning model for speech synthesis. The AI system analyzes the nuances, intonations, and distinctive characteristics of natural speech and employs intricate algorithms to recreate lifelike voices that are virtually indistinguishable from their human counterparts. One of the most impressive features of Eleven Labs AI is its voice cloning capability, which allows replicating a person’s voice with just a few minutes of audio recording. The tool analyzes the speaker’s voice and creates a voice model that can be used to generate speech that sounds like the person speaking. This technology can be applied to various applications, such as creating audiobooks, dubbing movies, and generating content in different languages.

To use Eleven Labs AI for voice generation, follow these steps:

Visit the Eleven Labs website or platform where the AI voice generator is available.

Input the text you want to convert into speech.

Choose the desired voice, accent, and emotion for the generated speech.

Adjust any additional settings, such as speech rate, pitch, or volume, to customize the output.

Listen to the generated speech and make any necessary adjustments to the settings to achieve the desired result.

Once satisfied with the output, download or export the generated audio file for use in your project.

Using Eleven Lab AI offers several benefits, including:

Realistic and expressive voices: The AI platform enables users to create natural-sounding speech from any text input, making it suitable for stories, podcasts, or videos.

Customizable voices: Users can tailor voices to suit their needs and preferences, enhancing their brand’s voice and making a significant impact on the audience.

Cost-effective and efficient: AI-generated voices can save time and money compared to hiring voice actors, especially for large-scale projects.

Diverse applications: Industries such as entertainment, customer service, and accessibility can benefit significantly from this innovative tool, with potential applications including audiobooks, movie dubbing, and customer support.

Improved human-computer interaction: Eleven Labs’ AI voice generator offers a glimpse into the future, where AI and human communication merge seamlessly, redefining the landscape of human-computer interaction

At ElevenLabs, they’re not content with simply providing the most realistic and versatile AI speech software. They’re also committed to exploring new frontiers of voice generation, researching and deploying novel methods in voice AI to make content enjoyable in any language and voice. Their ultimate goal is to instantly convert spoken audio between languages, making on-demand multilingual audio support a reality across education, streaming, audiobooks, gaming, movies, and even real-time conversation.

ElevenLabs not only provides the highest quality for voicing news, newsletters, books, and videos, but they also offer a suite of tools for voice cloning and designing synthetic voices. This allows their users to have new creative outlets and endless possibilities for customization.

Features of Eleven Labs AI include:

Realistic and expressive voices: The AI platform uses deep learning to synthesize natural-sounding speech from any text input, making it suitable for various applications like stories, podcasts, or videos.

Customizable voices: Users can tailor voices to suit their needs and preferences, enhancing their brand’s voice and making a significant impact on the audience.

Emotion and logic understanding: The AI model is designed to grasp the logic and emotions behind words, allowing it to generate engaging and powerful audio content.

Browser-based software: Eleven Labs AI is primarily known for its browser-based, AI-assisted text-to-speech software, making it easily accessible and user-friendly.

Diverse applications: The AI voice generator has potential applications across various industries, such as entertainment, customer service, and accessibility, benefiting from its innovative tool.

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What Is Computational Photography And Why Does It Matter?

What is computational photography?

Robert Triggs / Android Authority

The term computational photography refers to software algorithms that enhance or process images taken from your smartphone’s camera.

You may have heard of computational photography by a different name. Some manufacturers like Xiaomi and HUAWEI call it “AI Camera”. Others, like Google and Apple, boast about their in-house HDR algorithms that kick into action as soon as you open the camera app. Regardless of what it’s called, though, you’re dealing with computational photography. In fact, most smartphones use the same underlying image processing techniques.

Techniques and examples of computational photography

With the basic explanation out of the way, here’s how computational photography influences your photos every time you hit the shutter button on your smartphone.

Portrait mode

Super resolution zoom / Space zoom

Night mode / Night Sight

Replace the whole sky

Here’s a fun application of computational photography. Using the AI Skyscaping tool in Xiaomi’s MIUI Gallery app, you can change the color of the sky after you capture a photo. From a starry night sky to a cloudy overcast day, the feature uses machine learning to automatically detect the sky and replace it with the mood of your choice. Of course, not every option will give you the most natural look (see the third photo above), but the fact that you can achieve such an edit with just a couple of taps is impressive in its own right.

Face and Photo Unblur

Action pan and long exposure

A brief history of computational photography

Even though you may have only recently heard about it, computational photography has been around for several decades. However, we’ll only focus on the smartphone aspect of the technology in this article.

In 2013, the Nexus 5 debuted with Google’s now-popular HDR+ feature. At the time, the company explained that the HDR+ mode captured a burst of intentionally over- and under-exposed images and combined them. The result was an image that retained detail in both, shadows and highlights, without the blurry results you’d often get from traditional HDR.

Machine learning enabled features like night mode, panoramas, and portrait mode.

Apple eventually followed through with its own machine learning and computational photography breakthroughs on the iPhone XS and 11 series. With Apple’s Photonic Engine and Deep Fusion, a modern iPhone shoots nine images at once and uses the SoC’s Neural Engine to determine how to best combine the shots for maximum detail and minimum noise.

We also saw computational photography bring new camera features to mainstream smartphones. The impressive low-light capabilities of the HUAWEI P20 Pro and Google Pixel 3, for instance, paved the way for night mode on other smartphones. Pixel binning, another technique, uses a high-resolution sensor to combine data from multiple pixels into one for better low-light capabilities. This means you will only get a 12MP effective photo from a 48MP sensor, but with much more detail.

Do all smartphones use computational photography?

Most smartphone makers, including Google, Apple, and Samsung, use computational photography. To understand how various implementations can vary, here’s a quick comparison.

On the left is a photo shot using a OnePlus 7 Pro using its default camera app. This image represents OnePlus’ color science and computational photography strengths. On the right is a photo of the same scene, but shot using an unofficial port of the Google Camera app on the same device. This second image broadly represents the software processing you’d get from a Pixel smartphone (if it had the same hardware as the OnePlus 7 Pro).

Right off the bat, we notice significant differences between the two images. In fact, it’s hard to believe we used the same smartphone for both photos.

Looking at the darker sections of the image, it’s evident that Google’s HDR+ algorithm prefers a more neutral look as compared to OnePlus, where the shadows are almost crushed. There’s more dynamic range overall in the GCam image and you can nearly peer into the shed. As for detail, both do a decent job but the OnePlus does veer a tad bit into over-sharpened territory. Finally, there’s a marked difference in contrast and saturation between the two images. This is common in the smartphone industry as some users prefer vivid, punchy images that look more appealing at a glance, even if it comes at the expense of accuracy.

Even with identical hardware, different computational photography methods will yield different results.

This comparison makes it easy to see how computational photography improves smartphone images. Today, this technology is no longer considered optional. Some would even argue that it’s downright essential to compete in a crowded market. From noise reduction to tone mapping depending on the scene, modern smartphones combine a range of software tricks to produce vivid and sharp images that rival much more expensive dedicated cameras. Of course, all this tech helps photos look great, but learning to improve your photography skills can go a long way too. To that end, check out our guide to smartphone photography tips that can instantly improve your experience.

FAQs

No. Computational photography is a software-based technique used by smartphones to improve image quality. On the other hand, computer vision refers to using machine learning for detecting objects and faces through images. Self-driving cars, for example, use computer vision to see ahead.

Yes, iPhone embraced computational photography many years ago. With the iPhone XS and 11 series, Apple introduced the Smart HDR and Deep Fusion.

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